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õ壬㣬ĺľǶԡһSIS001-ɫǡռݡ֧֣
http://104.194.212.19/bbs/index.php?gid=303


001¡

ΪʲôҶ㲻𣡡һʮŮţŸղŮ˵Ļ
壬Բ̫ˣ䲻ңŮ۹⵭Ʋһ壬мҲУôܸһӣ˰ɣңǰɡ˵תߣոͲˡ
ͷһôΪʲôѵľͻ氮𣡣ˮһڵĵεΣһ
Ǹ¶ոսѧʶǸǵõʱոտ壬æιǸ˧磡̧һº𣿡ûʲôӣĵİº㻹һĵĺ˰ߣԷ
˾ʶˣһպһϡӴӰ룬ʱ侭һ𣬻̸Цۡ･Ҳ˶ԷĴڡ
ʱһκУ԰Ĳƺ֣ܿ˶ˣһڲƺϿڴڵĺſ
塭ϲ𣿡
ֻ㣡ԥĻشףǸŮеԱԼ䲻ͻȻʵҲֻʵشȷʵǷǳϲ㡣һһЦ繴һǣÿһ񾭡ѧϰɼãԾǰһŶգ赸ᵯ
ʲôǣ˴⣬ʲôûУǸСڹ¶ԺĹ¶֪ڸʲôֻܰϲĻѹ׶ҡ
һʣѿھͻش𣬻شеˣֽͱˡͷ۹͵͵һ㣬ȴЦĿһ죬æתͷ
ӣһЦ׽סĴ֣һ⻹Ǻ㽻һǣ֣岻ɵЩš
Ҳϲ㡭˵ͬһһȴ÷ǳͬһ
桭ġʵšɫ糺죬Ѹٵһ£ѵˮһ弤ޱȣͬתͷһСͷֿ
˶ߵòҿԷǵƽţĶˡ
塭Ρ岻֪˵ʲôšˡﻹڻζŸղСһףĻڶš
ʦЩͼ廹˵ʲôҲǣʦͬѧ˽Ůֳ֮죬óЩͨѧͼôҿıȽϸߣں￴ЩͼƬʲô
ţǲӦ塭롭Ťӣɫͨ죬ġ˵⻰ɫˣԴżⲻҿ塣
ʲôһﻹ˼һ촽ǡǣ
š֪ѾԼ˼ˣû˵ʹӦˡ




002¡͵Խ

ܿ죬ϸ߿ʱһСϣɬ߽һұݣԱʱ۹⿴ǣһŮ˼Բˡ˵ģڶаɣڵĺӡԱҡҡͷֻǸԱܲô࣬忪÷뿪ˡ
˽˷󶼲֪룬վڴ߶˵һᣬһ㡣
оĿԴҿ塣
㡭˫ִ˵ɬӦһ
ȥУΪ˸Ӧ㣬ݺݵıס㡣
㱻һһܿ廳ﲻҶﾡϢ̼巢
ûˣ뻳̲סһ˫˫ѹ£ҵšҲ֪ʲôطÿط
ҲǸ磬˵ıԻеõġͬʱֻϺšܿ죬ϰͱѸ⣬屾ܵĺס΢΢¡أ㱻̼һ۾˫ͷϴš
أȻͷһͬڿҲʱŮصǵش¶ǰļëޱȣ滹һС죬رš
¿ˮḧһ£Ů˵Ǹطÿ㱻һʱһôܵˣһΣ̼СѨҺ
ÿڿܣҲѸ⣬ͦСѨϡڹ¶Ժʱ˵ˣŮ֮žΪ˵ģ˰İӣŮĶ
¿ӺֱӶСѨ
ǡ㡭֪ڸʲôʱͷѾңʱѾʧ־
Ĺͷýģȴǳ㣬ʱʱ޵Ľô۾ͨ죬ƨһꡱȫû롣
ۣʹ˼֣˵壬㡭ᣬҲ˼֣Ҷֱܾú̲סͷѹ飬ʼƨɣխСĥǳ
ԭô£ֲЩôϲǵʱԺŸŮʱߵĽʱʲôأһ֪Ůֵ֮顣
̲ܿסˣһ飬СѨͬĸоһ򡭡ˡһͺ𣬽ſϴŴ
ͬ˼£㱧ڴڵĴ




003¡õδ

Դ˵һκ󣬹ϵøˣƽʱһȻר˲ٹ԰ĲѧϰAV԰鼮ȵȡ
Ȼ廹㣬һ￴ӰƬлĶp档
ѧȥŮˣͷȥͷ˱ָȥͷŪСѨз۵ľջȻҲ֪ôȥһˣۺСʱѵʱƨۣԼľջժ
˾˳ڣۼܰ㣬ͬҲܰ壬ǻһ𲻷ֿ
ȳбҵһУҪһ࣡Լػӵ㡣ǵӾ֪ǸոռӦţǸбҵأ
бҵҵܲܿѧеĻҾȥ׬ǮȻѧҵҪ׼һĿĻΪҸţ
ᣡģ㲻ѧô
㣬Ҵһܿϵģ㣡ᶨ˵ڷܣͬᶨ˵
ٺһЦͷǰҾڷܣڷܵţţҪˣҸ¡
ˣɬһۣѾת̧˫ȣѸһʼŢ
Ȼ黹ûôã죬ڸղţͻȻ˵֡ͬΪʲôΪʲô岻ţమ˵ûûˡ
ȥ㣬߻ңεΣе񶼽㣬Ȼһжûˡ
ųصĲ뿪뿪ת䴦ˮĿ壬ǱȥıӰ飬ǿſ˵Բ𣬷壬Ұ㣡




004¡

ҲȲѣǷǳŮ׷˶ţëȻֻϲ壬ֱˬʵԸҲԸԼһн塣
ǿҪҵ滮δʱȻļǵãһؼҵ·ϡͬͬѧһлƻĶסˡ
ƻ޶˵־ǱеһͷĿеĲѣƻż°һͬ
㣬Ұ㣡ȴǸСӣƻ˵ԺҲ׼ȻҾɱƻͳǹŵʧɫô
ôߣҰ㣡Ҫõ㣡ƻͻȻ˹ȥоСͬû˾Ҫ㣡Ҫ
Ҫƻֹͣ˶ǹ̫ѨԹԵģһǹɱ㣡ȻȥɱǸСӣ㣬Ϊ˵õʲô¶ó
ˮǺãԹԺ׼ٸһ𣡡ûӦƻһûǲǣھȥɱ
ҪæסתĻƻƻٺһЦ͹ԹȻȥɱĵͷˮ¡
ãƻ߽㣬־ؿȥæˣƻŭѣǲǣæҡͷҪҪţˣ졭ڷҺұ֤һ𣡡
˵ΥĵĻ۵òѣָǲһ
ţ㻹ǴŮ̫ˣƻ۹һԣȳбҵҾȥ޸ңǴ滨ƻ̲סˣЦס˵ĻȻҾ
ƻ뿪ˣ㲻֪ôصеģﻹŸղĻƻǰǹɷ̬Իɱˣ
ҹ㣬˸ΪʹҪݰģڻƻõǰԻǸʬ塣ǰ˵˷֡




005¡ѳ

ȫ֪Դֻ˵ֵ龰ô벻ףɽ˺ȥˣ
ûȥѧȫһһЦȫమĻ䣬Ȼһоʹ˵ʱȫʧˡ
û㡭ҵҲûˡ˽ĻɽõĳһЦҲҵ㣡㣬û㣬ôͻȻһԾǰԨ㣬Ұ㣡һ˿ִʧŨŨС
űһĳѧڻɽճҵ׹ʮ꣬ÿ͡
ڿŵͻȻһ˳ȥĸ֣ôʲôˣûûСȻĸȴ֪һŮĽˡ
ϣΪû׼ϻɽЬӶûʮ۵ĽŵѾƤѪ
𣿡㿴ǰԨ·𿴵ȥ龰˫ᣬ૵ΪʲôΪʲôҪѰΪ͸𣿶Բ𡭡ء壡ڵϿá
ͻȻһĨᣬųЦݣ壬ôȵңˣȫռ˾ҿɲŶУҪȵң˵꣬ͬµĵطһԾ
űһŮӣ췢׹¼ĵطٴηҵ׹¼ٴÿעⰲȫͬʱ¹ʵĵطõķʩԷԺٷƵ׹¼

ڰţ֪ԼǷѾˣУͻȻһ٣ԼҪһȻһʧȥʶ




006¡˸

˻ʹ彥ˣģۣõķܿǵաЦһ£Լ£ˣԼ
峢»壬۵̰⣡εҡҡͷȻסˣȴ˵òᰡ
𣿡һͻȻءһõķű򿪣һС˽·õģĳԷֱһСŮ
СŮһžͽ壬˸顣磡СŮ˹߿ֱۣ̫ˣˣˣء
巢ʶСŮΪʲôԼ磿ȿȡβѣǸСãϴˣҲ硭
磡СŮ̧ͷˮĴ۾壬ˮ粻Ҫ𣿡СŮļˣͷҿ壬ûãã綼Ҫˡ
棬аԼһ仰ɰСŮﲻ̣Ǹ˯ѣ˵ģ㿴ų죬ô򣡡þֱ̧ۣȴʱѾûˡ
ɾҲˣæסֱۡ磡ҪûãӲҪʹɣԼž
ס֣æ˻ʹɫŤ
磡ôˣæվŵĿ塣
ƽ壬ڲˣе̬΢΢һЦˣû£š尲οʵ벻ͨΪʲôɰķҪԼ磿Լȵ
ûˣ̫ˣĵЦˣЦô岻ȾҲЦ
ô˯⣿̲סʵ
Բ𡭡ԭ򣬲ɵȻãӶùУҪŲȥ͵ͷģûã˸磡ء
ˣԭԼΪӶȻȥ͵ͷٺǱãˣԼʲôʱȥ͵ͷˣԼʲôʱֱˣĻĪ
תͷڵв̣εСŮԼ˼άӦǿѧŶԣʲôʱȻ˰Ҫ䵽͵ֵز




007¡ʶ

ͻȻסˣڲŷͷϾȻһǳƯķOܹĸоʱŮ˻ֶġϸһϲð亹·ȻãȻܿԭӦһ׷ǳĳۡ
ۣOų˼ٴλƷľľʣľֽĴڡﲻɵó
ԣ޺𣿸û¡尲οо𣿡
Ҫ𣿡ͣס˿Ļ˵æҳ˾ӣ磬һֱߵġ
ӹˣƴСӾȻǻͭģһޱȣžԼһգһŵֶòȾӡ
磬ôˣɵ֣ôôվӣǿЦݣǺǣû£ֻ뿴ûбˡ
ţû˵һ£˵ȥյˮϴ˵Ҵ˳ȥ
ղŲԼ۾ٴӣһþԼ
⣡ﺧȻѣԼ𣡣ԲԼﾪѣԽѾ
찡İҵ˭źٵĺڿҲƽԼΪʧº磬и壬ԸղǸСŮãΪõĶӾȻ͵ͷ򣬿Ƕô۰Լá
ڴԳЦЦԼȴãԼԽ塣׽Ū˰
磬ˮպˣ۵СմʪëŤɣȻһһϲš϶ԼҺûб򵽣Ȼ϶᲻ģţÿÿˣ
黹ûƽͿʼˣĲ̬һԺԼѾð˺ˮһ˿Ĳš
̾˿˰ˣһѰ񿴵СŮﲻ̰ʮСŮҪԼˣôܻȥ
Ȼռ壬ԺһúչõġͻȻһ𣬺ʲôɳʧһѵԭꣿЦЦԽĹ¶ܷˣھʲôǰҲẦ¡
ֻϻ˿˿ˣ㡭ͻȻ˵ֵҲе㲻ԣǰúõĶţĮԲϳ
ʲôûˣԼ֤ǰ¶ûйϵˣǸõ꣬ǰ¾紵ɢɡֻﻹǻףһ㡭




008¡Ϊ

һµ´ˣŤŤҪԳЦЦ壬ƼݣǳڵӪɵġΨһܿĳǿµСܵܣȻаƤŹͷߴ˵ǷǳʱСС;˹ģ㻹ˡ
ͨһº̸֪ˣڵĵطһл֮½ĵطط֪֮½Ϳһ߲ȥ
и֣ܺѩ裬ĸԭһ˵ĺӣֻһγ;˻;У˽ٷˣҲ˶ɢˡĸҲ֪䡣
ʧɢԼѩĴˣѰһؼҵ·һʮкһʮСãϸ޷㣬޷ģСδԶţ֪ôòһֵƵֻһõķӡ
ֵǮĶҲˣΨһʣͷǸOĸģҲϸһΣóȥҳԵʱѩĶӶá๾ࡱУģȥ͵ͷȻͱˣӶ긽壬Ӵͳ
ĽѾס˰ˣһֱڵȴżѰңǰˣһѶûСҲˣΪûʱȥô࣬Ҫʱ䣬ȥôһٷ
лƻӦһµ·̣·̶ѩ˵ǷǳңԶģû㹻׼ǲ·ġ
磬ժЩĢЩҰˣһž͸˵Ľţ¾ͿԳˣ£
˸߲ҵװһЩˮֻҪˮһ͵˽ȥһ¿Գˡ
Ժ𣩿ĻӻţﲻеԼѾʮСŮչһ°мҪжҿడ
ԭѩ豾ǼСʲôʱ¡һﻹǸСõ·ƻкü˵ĺۼȻȥɽժҰҰСɵġ
ۣԭӦǵСŮӦÿСŮȴƣѧѧ˲Ұˣѧչˣѧ
𲻽жȻռ˱˵壬һһĴģѾѩĵԼˡ
ɽû˹ܵ𣿡ҰҰˣζûУȴԵýζѾǲˣѩģԶζáǣǳҰҲаݻƵۣѾˣȥŪҰζģҪǿʲô֪ţǻۣܻ쵽ûԵĵزٲô࣬һлң
ûаʲô˶ûУСã׽ӣܵúÿ졭˵ɴ˵ʱ׽ֻӸ粹ӣһֻû׽
ӣ۾һˣ㿴ôãչ˵ԭ򡣡ͷһģԼˣСϲճŸ磬ϲ
ˣڼұߣȥǿɶ׽òãһҰˣ׼ȥŪԡСǹ¶ҰѲ׽ҰֻŲپ顣
磬ҸһȥûϹɽ֪ӣѩҪŸΣҲǣԼ··ҲġΨһӣһߣˡ
˵ЦҲܿģ·ʱҪ𱳣ȻԸ⣬ɰԼʱѾôѪ۲ѣֻҪ˵ģԼ𶼻ԥ




009¡׽

ǰоûжˣתͷһһЦԭղһֱߴߴ˵ͣѾ˯ˡ϶ۻˡ
ûн˽ŲרһЩƽ·˯ƽһЩ
Һ㲻е⣬е磬ˬҲúۡ
ƬƬƣﲻ̾ոＸһֻ֪һ⻹ǻ֮½գԶǵաǻزȥˡ߶һ䣬ű˯ҡҡͷزȥͻزȥ£ԭҲʲôˣ⣬һ۰á
һ㲻ˣŴɽȥͻȻһӰಡһɹһǿ磬ʲôһϸһʱǶѾˣɻδôĶôԶĵɹܹһ硣
ಡһ磬۾һӰﺧȻһӰῴģˣҡҡͷܣҪôĿƼͲľľҲôЩŴĳˣ
ѵǡˣ𲻽翪ʼṦ𣿲ܣȫϿѧǲϿѧĻǸղǺӰôͣһ
ﲻڴ⵽ô簡ܾʡһЦԽԽڴƺʶ硣ǰҳԵİɣɵóԶУûһˮôУ
߳˺ɽĴӲݴвٲҰ˵ۣطֱǻҰһСŮȻҳԵģΣޱȣԶƺǺУ
ѩҲˣţˣ۾Цһ£磬ôңôԶ
û£Ҫ˯ģۣǶôµðʮ꣡
ѩһ𣬿˿ܣϲ⸽磬ϴҾ⿴ӵģ
𣿡ɨһ£ڵĴ
ʲôѩ۾Ŀ
꣡ҵˣҵһСʼװѩһС˵Ŷǽˣ
𣡡ѩĴۿȫڴɫѾܾúܾûζˣС촽
ÿ΢΢һЦϸ۲ڵĺۼԷӻǳԾŪ壬ֻҪӳ߽ȥ׽ס

ãе㲻ͷˣʱһֻóˣԱ߱ıġѩ賶½ǽŲѣֻò
Ƽѩǽ̬΢΢һЦļġꡭһѩ͵ĵͷʾᷢǹϵһٷḻͰ
ã͵һӣһ¸̿˹ȥһѰסӡӻĴײ˼¡
̫ˣѩ迪ĵñŵҲӹýʵʵӣѩԴ˵ӣҺ͸þûˣԲˡ
ɵһЦɰԴЦˣ߰ɣ֪þûˣҲĸԸԵģҲˡ
ãѩźۣʵʲôط
ðǺ˲ȥĵطǵطûǳûзգһֱֵš
𣿡ѩҲȥ𣿡
ȻΪǵĶӣ˺£ֻӣ϶ȥã
̫ˣѩ˵𣿸˵ȥãǺõطҪԹǳŶ
΢΢һЦɰãʼؼҡ




010¡ƣ

ţѩû߼ͣԶƺʲô
磬ôˣѩ費ô¡
ǱߺڽСҲҿ϶ϸһȻԼڵʹ
֣вɵһɽҰģôˣ˻̲סȥ鿴˹ȥ꣡ң
ѩƼŵ̬֪鲻򵥣֣صĵͷ
ģԽԽҲԽԽһŮ˵üͷֻʱŻеɽҰģôܻܵ£ҰϵĻ˵ĿζƺеˡȻҲп˵Ů˷ʹĽлҲһ
ź߾ӷݻ㣬Ͼǻ֮ءѩ
ȻһһλɫۣںڵͷŮſڵš
λ㣬û°ɣ˹ȥæѵϵŮ˸ʱŷ֣ŮüףĽëͦıӣῪĺ촽йһ
мˣΪ㹻ǰŮˡ
磬ôˣѩҲԱߺĿϸһŮȷʵе㲻΢΢³ϢϣȫһʪȺŵζ
ι㣬û°ɣеɧϾⲻһŮʺװ磬֪϶ͨˡ
ҡŮ£ȻЧŮ΢΢۾･ӰӡͻȻŮһ𲻷ءŮǰϣ촽ҵƺѰͣѩ۵Сֺҵĳ·
㣡ѣ˿ûãŮӭвСɧ
۸Ҹ磡ѩ״ԣһͳ˹ȥŮֳŮһƣѩ㱻ƿڲԶ
ʶŮѾ־壬Ҵҿ϶Ůһ
ѵҪǿ飿ɵƣŮǰǿԼɲ룬ŮѾһ㣬һ˼¡Ƥ˲们䣬¶˺۵ĹͷоҪˣƫƫ־÷ǳ˷ܣĵڶŮˣһĸоŮƯļµж
𿴣֪ҪʼˣæסԱߵѩ裬ͻС˿¡ŮѾԼ㣬ֱסԼСѨȥ
รĽһȵСѨѹĹͷ
Ů۵òҽһѾͱĴŮĤ
磬û°ɣô죿⻵ôءѩԽĿ
û¡תȥ𼱴ٵĺţŮСֳţӣ׵ĳȹպøǵĽϴ
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𿿽ԣû£𿴵ۣѩ豻ƳȥڵϹ˼¡
硭ѩȫǽˮûá
ǵģģԣˣôŪȹŽϴѩ迴ǵطҲôˡ
Ůʿһʶúˣһſߣֵ𣡡ãŮûˣ̷§ŮһΪϣֵʼŮ
Ůոո߳󣬻֪ô£Ѿѹ£˫ȿٳ͡о飬þǳһʽŮܿͳԲˣ
ͣѩ迴𷴰Ůѹʱ˲ѣΪŮսʤˣԱ߰ʲôء
ˡŮڿˣһкоõ̸ٵĳͼ£Ҳˣ侫һ̣̱һʲô룬ֱӿѡ
·Ϣһһʧȥʶ




011¡һ겻

ǡҵԴ̫ˣˣѩѵĵһʱͽס
ţû£ˣҼǵáȻǵãλŮǿԼộܲǵ𣿲ô£ôιȥˡ
ǵʲô䣬ɱæ̧ͷһһ׵ĳȹںɢͷûλŮеһ˿ԣŮȫɱ˲
˵ǵʲôŮɱԽԽˣܸоõƣѵŮָ֣
𲻸Ҷѩ赹£æſ˫ǰ˵㣡˵˲׼۸Ҹ磡
Ůһתͷٿڸоǹѹʧˣ˿
һλáŮҪΪʦȴһҪĿ˵⾫һв
ˣԱߵѩæͷ㲻֪⻵һֱߣҲԸ⣬Ҳ͸ֿ
һվֱӶŮңʲôΪʲôҪͽܣܽʲôѩ׵ˣܳ˿ʧ
ҵ֣Ů¶һ˿п´ҴȥҲԼˡˣʲô⣡һʮҵŮ˾Ȼװ˲ɣԼ֣ôҪԷҪ˯
ڵиţǶΪѩӣŮԺĽܵѩӣƲƲ죬ﲻɵ˵ʵźҳģ벻ףŮװʲô˵ˣǸʲôӡǺ˴δŮǵһΡ𶨾һȻȹ滹մһСƬɫĺõ壬޶Ŀ
ѩӼûӦԼȹӸʲô˳۹һѩߺȻŭһƻ硣֪ô£Ѿɳȥ
磡ѩ˳ȥסɵڵصˮŭĵѩӣŮˣ˵۸Ҹģǻˣ
ѩƽľģûµģһ㹦˻ܲһƣǲȥƳƳҪΪСŮһӵ꣡
ҲҺλ꣬ȻԼĻɽҰҲһħȻԼʵܱƳأħĻԼһΪҲᱻɣΪͨˣħĸŰǾΪԼѩӻǺˣض࣬ˣһлٵһоûУ
ҲŮˣҲгһգһλĸӢ۳֣ɶȥˣӢû֣һƺû˵꣡ѩӵûˣҲˣȫΪ꣡ޣ޲ɱǧѵһ˲ţûѩ裡ѩͻȻѩʣϲ񣡱ǣԼŮϵʣǵÿɽʦǱǵĴڣһΪֲޱȣ̫ʱҲ˸Ůţ
䵽ԼһѩֻԳһžȻ䵽һЩФС֮´ҩֵزɼŮû䵽ʲôز
ȿȡȡվѩӣﺧȻ⾿ǲˣٶԳӰͱˡᣬֻԼɶѡ
˼һ£˵ӣΪͽѩҲŽƺҪӦ⻵Ůˡ
ӲеģѩӺݺݵĵһﾹȻռˣôܵĽлһǿƽԼĳ嶯ǵģֻѩΪͽŮŻȫȫ̵Ϊ֣
ҲȥвУܲҲ̵һ£ϳΣĿѩӡ
ȥʲôŮֻŮӣѩӿըˣ˫۾һ㣬ǳĲ
ŶֻŮӰҷˣѩ˵ֻŮͷˣʲô˼Ůźһ
תͷѩ裬λߣ𣿡ѩе˸ˮ粻Ҫ𣿡
ǵģ簮ô᲻ҪأǸŽѧȥģʱ´ˣܰﵽ磬˵ǲǣ
ûġѩָѩ˵ղ磬۸磬ôҪҸ⻵Ůˣ
ѩĿѪˣǿų嶯ﲻͣﰲοԼС£С
۸ǺһЦղŽң֪𣿴ǰѩӷģĺɵ𡭡
ǡʲôʱܿ硭ѩʵţģȥģᶨ˵
Ǻã粻ҾСЦЦѩСָѩȴ˵ϵһ겻ƭ
ˣ߰ɡѩ˳ȥѩ˶һһӶСִţǵңȻС΢Цŵͷ
ˣŮ˶ˣû취ܲԼԿɣѩô˵ҲǸ֣̬Ⱦ֪õĴ⡣ֻƣʱѩӶ˵Ƿ
ҪΪĵƦԴʻӰ죡ֻֽһִ˰ɣҸһεˣõķϣҲô߰ɡ
ܲʲôһΣҶˣѾҵŮˣ
𲻷۹⣬ѩӲмһЦһ飬ǲᣬһҾͿ߶ߣһ죬ǿңǵ˼ʵֻ֣ϣҲҪˣڳΪǿߵʱǲؼҵʱ򣬶㣬ʱѾûҲһˣ˵ˡ˵ţѩڿնͬӥչһʧߡ
𾪴ˣҵ찡ˣ鼮űѩӣҵţһ죬һȫ֪Ůˣһ




012¡

صõķӣֻɰӣֻȡʱžѩȷʵ˵ûһֻ߰죬ʱ޿̲շ裬Լһǲйģæ壬óǱ鷭ҺϵҲģܿö
źϸ֮½һڤߣһߣһߡ
ڤ߾ڤڤÿ˶ģǱ㹻츳У߱ҪԪ㹻кͶȲСڤǳ̣ڤǳٵְҵÿڤֶ߳Ƿǳֵģ嶼Ҫһڤ߾ʹһһоͿɱһӡ
߾ǣܣǷǳڵְҵʺϸȺֻҪнŵ˶ûʲôҪֻҪþͿˣһЩ񶷼ɣڶԵһлɱˡҲ߰£һ̤һȭһɽ
ѩӵƾڵڤĹ׵öУֿԼעУʹһ֮£ɽһֻɽ֮Уһ
ʦսʿħʿӵִ˼άת÷ǳ죬ܿͷְֳҵص㡣е˼ô˵ħʿѩӿ˵һ㹦Ҷȡ
˼һᣬܶȡ˵ĹǲҶ༸ŮҲϳ˸֣֪ѩеħķֻħ˲ŻᣬպúѩӽϣһֱѩӹԼȡȡܸ֮Ⱦһ㹦ʵңħͰѩ˸ˡ
ϵķã̼о񣬲һȻڵȻѩһĹҲǳ졣һ㹦ɲСҪ֪ѩӿĴڰ
ú棬һѪ÷ǳеﴦ˵һһŨŨʿڣһԼ̬ʿڣҹһ¾ͿԳΪʦˡĪľͳʿֿˡ
Ҫ֪ʿǰ滹ڣڡȻʿڣʦڣʣͬڤҲ֪ѩһ㹦ǻʮ޲ܻڰװ׵õ˱ʮ깦һӳΪʿÿڵĿҪĿǷǳںͲˣҪ򲻳ʲôһֻܿˣڶνڡԸߣôԳΪŬûʲôõģľǸ˵ĻΪʾͿƿһΪ˵ϻһ˭Ҳûڴ˵
ĵĿ壬ɵЦ鼮壬ֱۣಡָһӱ䴩ļˣʵ˸÷ͣ
һʹüҲˣⱾֿ˼£ֻǽһЩѣҪһЩʶˡѩֶ飬ӦòʲôöҵҸ߼顣ҺûֻҪһпվת壬ȡеţʦָտɴ
ڷÿҵԾҹͬʱ˶壬⸱̫ˡһµԵı仯ǿ׳˲٣Ŀ⾼ҲǰڴϲҪһ
İ٣˽İٸԳšʱȥˣûκԥһѻյƷŻƻ




013¡Ӷ

ƻһǳĳͷһϣֻεĿɿڴΪԼѾؤһˣǸһЩ˱ȣԼʵ̫ɾˡҲһ㣬ЩȻе㴩ãǺûܵκαӻΪѣһЩƼһ¥ܻӭĵĹ۲죬Щ·ȺΪˡ
ѵѾҪˣûΣգⲻֵһǮֻʵͽǮʵǿ󣬽ǮԽŻõأǸˣſãЬӶû߽¥ЩеɫŮϲӭЦȥеĻ֪ܵſӵǣ׵СֻḧֻǸˣŵһĶò£֪ǽңΨһͨĻҡ
ǺǣﶼһǮȨʲôУ˽еȭͷɢž⡣
ҲǲеģһҲûҳ¸ɣʵ̫ˣÿƺеʵпŴߵģСģżľģ֪ǿ϶ڤߣ
ô찡ƣ߽ƻΪԼе㱾»ᴳãǻ˰֪ˣбµ̫ˣһ࣬һ١ۿҪˣյͷװᣬƸۣյӣҪ˯ͷˡ
йӶǶ϶ԣǽ͹˿ͻ滨򣬽һʮˣȤѸϽͳԱߴһźһһ˵òˣһǮڿһǮûаҴ˹ȥ
Сӣ⵷ңȥǱȥ˵ͷӻ֣ʾûȤעһС
λ磡ЦƤû취˵ܣ˵ʲôҲùزаղŲ˵𣿶ΪͿԼǲǣ
ǰ˵ǶϣǿڣؼҰɣˣͷȰƻҹûôȫˣȻҲӶ˱ǻؼҡ
ţϣǴǲǺϸˣ𱬷ϵϢͷתһ̳ԾСС;ȻжΪΪصڣͷЦЦԼ۹⻹ðɣСֵܣϸˣӣ󣬽УСֵܽʲô
ҽ𡣡ЦˣöӦǵˣɫ˵磬Ǹǰǲȳһٵģ˵ĶӲĹ๾
״һЦСֵܣ˰ɣȥԱЩɣ˾׼ˣ
лл磡ĵ߽ãѾһûԶˣҪ¶뷹Ų




014¡ײ

ܿ죬ˣպʮˣǶɨӶԷô˵ΪŴ󵶣Ǿ֪ӦߣһŽڤߣеߡԱ߻һȽСˣСʲôҪǣԶǸۣפľȣͷϴŲʲô
ڤߣһû뵽λͶ龹Ȼеڤߡ·֪͵ڤͻȻתͷۿæͷ
ˣѾйˣ׼ˡվһλŮǰ˵
ǷŨŨˣۡкˣǸϽȥɣҲ֪ôˣԱ߻һλʮСŮβͣװഺɰͣǴʱһŨŨˡ
ðɣ߰ɡСŮ߳ȥкǰһ̲
ҹĻѾ٣滨Ҫ·̣ҹʱȻ˯Ȼ˵·Ͻٷ˺ܶ࣬ϣִŲ˵ٰɱ˰ȻôȴһζûΪνʲôٰƴǴȥģҪ֪нٷˣɵӲŻ·ο߻оŸ˸ߣнٷҲֲԼ֣ʼС
ϢһᣬѾҹˣĴ·ĵģΨڵڸ·Ӻ·淢ͻȻХˡ
ô£ӶѸٵӿ˳ȥҲ⣬³ǰһȺʱʶԣǽٷ𣿡һϣȫΧǵĿϬýһ֪ǲߡ
ԹԡײˣʲôʲôƣϽٷˣִƱͷȽһʵ벻Ҫ𣿡ԼһͶԷ࣬ԼСӦܻˮ㡣
ѣ̶ӣѿ˵½˭ҲӹӣЩң͸Ѿʹ˱ΣӻͳһСӣΪԷǮˡ
˭֪ԷһͷȴûнǮһЦ̶ӣ̶ӣɫһ֪Է鷳ˡˣӦڳɣҴѾȺʱˣʶԣԷƺרΪ˶ġ
·ˣԷʵƺ粻ɵ죡ٷͷһˣѵҪ𣿡
ǻưˣ泵һݺ̲סתͷһһŵŵŮµۣ¹£ԵøΪԱ߻һһ͵ŮſɰβͣһΧСԵøഺСŮϳ˷ŭ۹Žٷˡ
˺Ҵǻư졣ͷٷûзϡ
ҹ֪·˵أưˡüͷ壬ǵĳü𿴵ۣ̲סǻĸоɷҲǻưµĶְɣһ˿⣬ưΪҵʱ˲Ļ
˹ȻѹҴȰɷȻ֪ͨؼҳǣҴͿԱŮˣٷͷЦˣԼأҵ㣬ҪĻĿ˵ҾͲýˣвСǾͶ಻˼ϾԺҴɩٷ˵Ц
ˣݵ񣡡ԱСŮŭ˵




015¡

ߣٷʲô˵ģǮƣ֣Ľٷ˵еӶһĸߴ󣬼翹󵶵߳˳ȥ
ÿ죡ƾٶȣԶԶﲻġ
Ŷߡٷͷ˵һСֻ֣ÿһλӶͻһɫεĶ
ڤʿСģһˣһɫбߴһǣ뵶̶Ħ˫ֱҲղסۣϵڶиպôߵţһǳ˺ۣҲ˼߻ûӦֱĲӣꡱһ߲ˣ۾ôĿŽٷˣһš
࡭ߵԴͻȻ׹ϹڵϣиѪӿӲվ˼Ӳŵ¡
ԱߵСŮҽһһ־ͷ˻Ҳ¶
һʧɫɫ԰ޱȡǲ촽ˡˡֳ棬һʼΪҾʱһȻ֪ˣףһԲϣ̰εѪһûˣǸղĻһͷվԼǰӿѪȻ󵹵ء
ǿŷθ˲俪ʼ̬ǰӵӰܿ龰û뵽ʵĳԼǰʱԼô
ٷͷǲҶһЦˣҲӶȫûҪΪһҶɥԼֵ߰ɣҲǶ֡ɫ԰ףתͷˡӶ㿴ңҿ㣬ûһ˵
תͷˣƺĸ飬촽˵ʲôѹȥͻȻһҲǺù
أһѴ󵶺ݺݵĲڵϣȻӣƺ׼ƴ
Ǯƣ֡һӶ˳γĳֵð治ֵһҶѣȴҪ
ٺ١֪ܸһСﷺŵ⣬һЦܿʧȺС
ҿɲ˵ѶˣȻԺӶͳЦҴˣһĺ׳ĺ˳
ҵʱ䡭ڤվﲻ֪ʲô

ǡƺеʪˣãβȵ滨Ҳǣʮϣ
ƺҲȾˣǸղյӶѪֳŵһԾŶͲ˽ȭͷǻѪ׼ʱ
𣡡һǾͽչˣո׼ǰͷԸվŮߡû취С鲻㣬ֻܽտŮֹͻȻϮ




016¡ν̸

˵ߡҲӶﻹиСкŮ£ɵðķġͷССҲҪӶ׬ǮӵĻһСľпɥΣԷ׼Ǹ壡
˳֣ϸһ𻹳òеɵѾʼյϢͭɫļ
𣿡ʵĵͷ֪Ӷ𣿡ʵ
ˣļûмʣСǹ¶𣬲壡Ӧңпɰã
΢ЦУǲߡȻһ˵˿Ŀǳͬ飬˰ԴĺӡĪмҿˣ
ʵ˵ߣȴΪļѾȥҪǱ֪ƻˡ
磬ôӶˣ˵ŮֻǱһ㣬ɵ׳ʵҪ˹Ҳ᲻Ȥͬ˺ܶ˶Ը빵ͨġһĴˣȥһСԻ𣿵Ȼ⡣
ңû취ûǮԷпҪ񣬹Ҫһˡ
ÿ˵ŮֱĿ𡣶˸Դøˣ⺢ۣѾûֵزܻȥһҪź뵽
ǱսѾʼǿǣӲǿż˵ĹλˣųȺźһţÿһĽӣͻȻĳ˱Ŷ̵ݺݵĴ˱һбʧ
վںĺڤڽૣֻ˫һӣһ裡ʱձóȣƾճһƵĻ䣬䣡е˲ˡ
ڤߵĻ𿴵ľϷֱ׶ˣڤ߸ղźáҪǱϵĻҡҡͷϲղŽٷ˵ķУֶҳ䲻⣡
ô£̿ͣߵһ𣿡ųˮУĲ˲ʧӰݶĴ̻ܵ߻ôֲĴڡ
սڼֹ̫ۣٷͬǿޱȣǺһֱѹšȥУѾѪתһߣ
Ҳ˺ŮӦæǵ֣ܡ
ҪţŬ׷𣡡һƺסˣˣǵĺѪߣٴĸŮȥ
ߣܵ𣿡ٷͷһɱǣҲóѣ籬ʿȫӲŽٷˡ




017¡˵ˣ

ͣͣĸŮ˼ǦһءҲܲˣʵۣ߼ٴӦûˡתͷ󣬺澲ĵġ
ȻûϢһᣬһЦ𣺡ܰܰһӰ֣Ǹٷͷٷ׷⣬˵ǡ
ŮҲŵĶ棬Ҳ֪Ϊʲô棬ֻƾһ˿ܵĸоĶ
ٷͷҲܣ߹ѪҲ˺ۡݺݵ˿Ѫĭɫ俴ĸŮˣãӶΪҶ᲻ð׽磬ͷЦڸ֮ǰҿȨ
ɫ԰ףǰ𻹼ͦվǣССӰƺΰֵܵס𣿡˰еϣˡ
ʵѹܴȻͬΪʿڣ⻹һζԵУСһڤʿһ㲻˲ķУⶫֺֿݣôأͷֱð
ͻȻһӰͷǲ˺ģ磡˽ϲó죡ͷͬʱͷѾϮ磬֪û뵽㻹ûɣ
׼ȷϣѪⷭǿʹӲ˵ͷǰ֪ԼĻᣬûκԥģƣٵͷ
ͷסһƣͷһЦΪܶʲô˺Ҳɣ˵ͷٹɽµ磬һС磬˹ȥ
ܣڻͷؿ˲䷢ܣۣۣײֻͷͬʱɡûɳԶͷȥɳɶҺݺݵײϡ
ܡͷѾ̲ǣɫʼеʧɫ૵ôܡʿ۾ʼûбϡ
Ҳܣˣֻסһ硣
磡СŮæܹȥס𡣡ۣ̲ס˿ѪͷѾһ֪ѾԼ¶οЦݣû¡ҡҡͷٿʱѾͷڻȫʹɫ
ô˴磬ֻһֱţ˺˺ᡭȥҲˡ
ĵıۣˮյ䣬ոյϣԲ𣬰

û°ɡ˰ʬ尲úؿڣʵ
˿˿磬ȻǿЦ˵Ŷû¡˺ܿ׵˲죬֪һָ棬ԺֻУȥʱͻó䡭




018¡ĸŮͬ˯

ˣҸطϢһ£Ѱ·ȥͷղŴĸŮҴ룬ʱﻹ֪ôȥƬ֡
ܿ죬ǺˣڲԶҵһССպиСû⣬ס˽ȥߣм˵Ůұˡ
ҹⶴѨ˭˯ţ۵һֱ죬Ҷ
磬лл㡭˵Ůл΢΢һЦƺ˴Ҳûôˡ
лʲôǱҵΣǶûˡ˵ʵԼôҪ𡣲СŮȴ̵ģԼá
֪ʲôأʶϾһ𹲻ѹ黹еġ
ҽϣϰԼ˵ˣҲ˳Ҳˡ
϶˵˯ɡѵƺеıˣƺûȥӰȥΪɷ򽹼ġ
϶¿ɰͷҹҲ΢΢һЦɰСѾͷԼá
㾲һֱ˯ţؿʹҲ˯ţɷ£˶Ҫģһ£ôܰ˯һ̾ѵԼǿ˷
ͻȻűߴڴһʼΪŮĽţҲû̫⣬ⶫʼСȻ󵽴ȣһⶫе䣬ģεӡ
ʲôˣŵôСôˣ˯ͻȻһҲˡ
ôˣһʱʵߡߡŵ˵ϸɨܡֻָָ壬ȹ档Ѿȹˡ
Բˡһȹסߣҹ˲ģ𣬹ҲʲôġȻǵǣΪʲôĿĳȹأ
ҵŮǲ뵽ôģСŵᣬС߻Ͼǵطˡ
㡭ڿֲҶ˳ȹҺĳۣȹ׿ֻ֣ҪԱһƾͿˡѩ׹⻬Ĵ̳ǰһͲһڿ㣬֡Щʧ߹ŮĳȹȹµĴ⣬ѾǶ¡㣬ͬʱҲڴĴָСߣɫϢͷ
ಡСߣѸٳ֡û뵽С߾ȻԤΣƲԴָС߳ʹֱһҧ˻̼ӴȣꡱȻ˼Ӳ˹һ졣
Сڱ壬ҧֱ۵Ҳɿˡ߶˳ȥתͷû°ɡ߲ѣûˣɻղƲԼȹš
û¡лл㡭˵Ҳ˺ܶࡣ߶£һ˵˵
˯ɡϵıӣǵľٶȴúȻ




019¡ȡů

һͻȻ䣬տʼûоǽԽԽ䡣ô£˵ҹе䵽زɣ֪ô£˫ֱؿһš
磬ôˣ˯һᣬòԣ壬оڲûӦͼʵ磿磿
ôˣ϶˯𣿡ŮΪ졣ǣ粻ԾϽ˵ܸо嶶ԽԽˡ
ԾüѵǸղŵжһæʵôˣûлش廹һĶ
䡭䡭˵϶ġʵѾ־ˣﻹ֪˭С
䣿һ㶣Щû˵еزȴһֱ塣жһʱ뵽ߡô죿żˣô
϶𼱣롭û취طȥҽ䡭䡭ﻹڲͣš䡭۾һ̱糺죬ҧҧ˵϶𻻸λá
Ŷϲ֪Ҫʲôĺ˸λãͼĸŮм䡣ܵԱߵͣ壬˿§˻
⻹ǸӣԼ϶ľˣھͣİοԼǵһ§ųɷˣȻ˵Сǿ׳ͽʵļ⣬һ㶼С
ôˣϹеʵû£Ϊȡů˵ɬҲû취£ȻѾ§𣬵廹ڶšô졭ЧؽҧԼ˰һΪԼԼôܼȣ
Ȱɡٴҧֻ⿪Ĵӣ˳ۡ
֪ǰ޵һĻֻһɫĶǶҲֻǸղ𿴵Ͳڿѡ
ɬĴ򿪳ۺ󣬱ٴ§§÷ǳܣ漸ȫϣͷÿؿڡ§ٰѳ۰˶Һó۹ýġ




020¡ַ

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ƽҲ˿Ӧû˰ɡȴûô֣ԺͻȻͶһůĵط㡣ŤŤͷͼҳһʵλá
ߵòУŤ˼ԴͰͷ˫м䡣ǡоԼ鷿мͣ£Լֲ˼ȥƿ˯ƽȵꡣܣ鷿ʱᴫһ飬˸һ
˯һŤӣִ̧䣬ƺҪůĶڻһû뵽ȻоȫʶΪƿ
찡ôˡƣҲɬ§ģʱҪǣ֮伸û˿϶˯һֻŻȥ
쵰һûƿ𣬵ҲԼģڷչҲûа취ұ˱ĸоûйģƺƺܴ̼
뻳˽ƺ㣬صԼߣԼѱסͷݺݵС죬㡭

ȫ֪еΪ˶̼˽ӵûʲôģɬ⣬ûʲôĸоͻȻŶǶؿ׼£쵰ö鷿һ׸պ鷿һͷλá
㡭˵һ䣬㿪ʼǡ˷Ѿޱŭƿ𣬿û鷿һס
ҪͻȻ̼һ£ַ֪ŵˡˣһǶô󾢣һֱ૵ĽţҪͣҪǸصŮˣַܵͷѾͦŶǶպţߵĶǶѾĿˮʪ͸




021¡ǰָ

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ڻƻư첻ҶôǳͲһˣ˻ĸŮؼһĻ
ĸŮǵþˣڵѾۣ̲סǿ˱ղܣɶǣСѾ˷ӦԸоСŶʲôĦš
찡Ǹ꣡ôᡭô󡭡֪ʲôȻڸоĴСһԼɷȽһ¡
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ûûˡͺáеʵ̫ˡʵֻ˵ɷ򲻶Ϊִ˵ͿaƬһΡľƵ֣ְֽŮˣܵͦͷﲻϱҧæ첻Լ
̫ˣûˣϸ˵ð˹뿴ǲĺˣǲѾٷˡֹȥʱȴֱۣȻһĺ󱳣Ȼȷʵٷܸо΢΢Ť
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ľջܹȴ̼ĵطô࣡Լô˿ԼɷҲУȻ¼Ҫ˲һ壬ûӦСѨѾһȻָƨʱ߳ˣ
߳ܣȼһܸ߳УŮһ£ԼȻ߳ˣ˵߳ȷʵҲûθ߳ڵĶ갡Ҳʮ꣬ĺô󡭡
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ܿ˫Ѿ˫ȼ䣬Ȼ忪ʼǰֻͦʶΪ֪Ŀӻûѡ
ʧԣǿһе£ǸŮˡ˵Ѿ鷿ƨɣڻСѨһдӿʼͿֹģƫƫһʼ̲סУظղܣʲôˣҴʱ幰ƨɣĿӶûѣӲǶſӣһһײСѨȥ




022¡λѵ

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Ȼ֪ᱻ룬һӽȥˣеܲˣ쵰ôСͶѾôˡ㻹˲ţ˫΢΢ſһδʶ
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˵ʲôû壬ҲûֹͣѾ𱳺
϶ֹڳ͵ĿС
ڱһᣬź۸ոմϣͻȻм·ϺһȵĽѽѴ·氡ŶˣôůЩ𣿡
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ֻһҺûȻԼŮױˣԺǻô˰
Ѿ߳ˣƨɡ쵰ûɬŤһ»꣬κ꼸ûӦֻ֪ͣȡ
绹ڶƨǶϵĻ߳ܣܲڳأû¡ƲůĽãƫƫΪ棬Ŷұȡůϣ
šֻӦŮһһ߰м䣬ԼŹֱ£ڰ˭˭ҹֻʣʱʱٵĴ
Ұ㡭̲סˣһǿ䣬䵽СѨ̵һ䣬ƴһͬ˳
ۣղ侫ǿ૵һ䣬Ҹɷûж˵ļҪ²ˡȻ۲룬˲
㡭ڡҰ㡱֮һ䡰㡱
㡭ԳЦЦԭԼˣ˼Ƕ˵Ұ㡱ǶԼͷŻ۵̾˿ں˭֮߳¶֪أôԼ˵أ
һΡվһΡʹƫƫû취ʼջѵġֻԼʹ࡭
ˣҲˣۣ˻λеεԴǵϰԺͿʼ˯ˣе䣬ǺֺůˡǵãμԼǰŮ㣬һԼ˿ԱһƬհסԳһЦҲΣʼջѵġվ˳ȥԶ벻ҹѾ׻ˣ˵ͬĻ




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磡ϻճģֵİ
Ǻǣ϶簡ǺһЦϾԼһ棬ãɰ
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ˣǺðɣǸϽ滨򡣡ɫκβԵĵطһָߣҹ۲һ̫ǶǱϣ滨ߡһû뵽λ˻ЩֻľڵϱȻһ£Ȼ˵Żм·̣ǿ߹ȥƺܿ͵ˡ
̧ͷȴһֱԼ˵ŭݺһȣû˵Щ£˲֪Լ֪һôǿװ򶨣ƫƫŲţ
Բˡˣʵ̫ԾˣӦû˶Щģ˵ô׼·̸ˣɼһλŮӰʱϸ۲Ŷʮ꣬һҲûУֺãرʣܸʱУ׽䲻ϡиʮŮƣѵʮͼˣ
ʵµòʵʮˣ׼ȷ˵ʮ롣ϰߣһʮ궼Զˡ
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˼һ£𲻴ӦæӼۣʮңӦ𣿡
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ã̫ˣԺٸҽºòãĵšã㽲ЦЦСɲóֵҲǰڿ͵͵С˵Ķѡ
Ҳ˿Ҳ֪Ϊʲô»Ƕͬ飿ĺң΢΢ҡͷ¡
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025¡

˻ˣ֪ĸһʱһøĽðˣ˷ǣɨǣ㻹ҵĶӶˣһLŮ˳ȥָͷ
÷ǳΪɳֽѵø̰ʶҪҶ
ҹȥҲҪˣøáȴûôᣬĿø˵ţɷģ
ԭøţһ룬òð
㻹ҶӣҶӶ㺦ˣŮˣ˵ø־ʹ״̳֣׽סø֣Ȼ׼ٳְ򿪡
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ȥģȻЦ£ӸղҵѾҲҪˡ
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026¡

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027¡ָ

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ЦЦΪʲôңǶʼɣ̫ˣõ춼ʼʼˣԣҪǿ㲻ãͻʵԹøã֪ģԺ󶼻Աⲻ뿴ġ
øá۹漴ҡһͷſؿڣлл㡭ЦЦ˵ʲôϰˣԺȾˣãУŮҪϢ˯߲Ů˺Ŷ㣬ȥϢɡ




029¡Ҫúð

ֵòȥǰ취ĺܲ͹ȣһŮһֱſԼϣ˶Щ嶯̲סʵ㣬ôˣ
ͻȻаָͷؿڻȦȦǸˡǺһЦԼȻǺղźһϾӡ
𡭡𣿡̧ͷ΢ЦĿһȣǾµüĺ촽ž
Ůˡ¿ˮ۾ǶԻƺ˵۾Լͷ
ͷԽԽ󣬡š촽۾ôģţŮȻһ۵ͷҴŷӦģԼͷ
һᣬ̧ͷ𣬼ȻĿɿڴꡱһЦӡ˵ͷӦƿæ
Ȼڵϣ˵ΪʲôҲ˵˵ʵҶ𣿡ͻȻܾԼĶˣԼղ޳ܵΪ
ǣһ̫ˣĺõ㣡
ΪʲôҪܾˮƺһҪһɣ
ΪҲ˵ǰ㿴̬֪㰮磡ɷҲң
þȫ˵ⷭԶʱǸģɷҪŨҵĲᡣ
磿һ£ͻȻЦ쵰
ЦʲôЦѵ𣿡еĪԼ£Ӧѹǰ
ΪʲôЦҾЦЦɵϣôͻȻƤԼôɵˣ
ɵϣҸԭòã˹ָҪӦһ¡
ã֪𰸣ҴӦ㣡
㡭ûֻܵͷ
ʵϲҡС˵ģûɷû˰Ϊ硭ֻ㡭
䡱Դըһ£ԭ˵̱סƵѾ̲סˣ
ȵȣָһԴЦ˴Ӧһ𣿡
ʲô˵ֻҪõģժժǵͲҪ˵ˣǶ˵̫ˣ״ΣŮѾãѾףʲôϴջģ
ɵϣȱһطԥȥȻķ䣬仹иСŮء
һͰŵڴȥס̧ͷɫĿ˵ҵǣҪúðң
ţһᰮһӣ±ٰһӣ±Ҳһӡ˵˼ӺͲ˵˵ȥҪˡȴһɿ֣ǰȥֲڵͷ˱Ŀˮͷ




030¡

ͬʱҲûУ׼ȷ׽סֻ鷿²Ǻܴ󣬲ҲҺû⣬㲼׽ָС
㡭Ĵ³ŪеֻۣѾƲⳤۺܿʧһɫǶǰǶ滹Լͻ㣬ϧȴһͲڿ㣬ʲôҲ
ڻȵ۹ܲˣɬؿڡ
㡭˵ֵͷ촽ͷϽ档˫ֱӲǶܽӴ鷿ָֻͣͷ
һ߱죬һַ߱ܵˣֻո뿪죬šȻţɿСһֱ£Ųӵظû˶Ƕķָ׵ĵ鷿˱
Уø̣ͷû򰡡Ҳ쵽£ǲſͷȥģСѨֱ۵ʪʪСѨ𰮲ָ֣Ѿ˽ȥۣôĴָò١
ܵƣ˫ش̼£ܿͲˣ˫Ƚס֣Ҳθ̡߳
졭𡭡ﲻɵö˻ɣֱַûиܹģָֻǿ˱һǰûеġ
ԭġڸ߳ûָʱѾĿѸ⡣΢΢һᣬĕz壬֬ļ⻬ޱȣƽ̹Сûκ˺ӶΣͬ㽿ۣҪǣ꼸ëĿСˮ
Ŀע£ǳߣȻŤӣǵһγڱĿ¡Ǻһ£ָһθղ߳ĶĿ·ŽϸϸƷζ
ѽۣ߱ôܳǶͻȻûӦѾͷСѨ
𡭡Ҫ࡭඼Ҫˣոջ˵Ƕֱ࣬ӵͷûܹ˴󵨵԰ͷͣš
𡭡𡭡Ѿ״ΣĴ̼ʵ̫ˣ˰࣬ȻԼʱţᰮŮ磬ԸһŮˣɼǶôŮ˰
һ߸棬һҸˮ
Ūãµʹʵ̲סˣ̧ͷѹȥ㣬Ҫˡ֪Ҫˣ˵ͷ
˲룬ݺݴ̼һ£㡭Ū𡭡
Ǻǣú΢΢һЦ⿪˫ȣСѨ¶ͬʱ䲻ʶ
ۣſĻ𰮵ײ𡭡ܿʧǣĳͱ˯ʱ١˫ִϲϻͷʵ̫ˣСѨĭֻѵͣĴĻžžžֱ죬һƬɫ
𡭡𡭡ܲˡʵڲˣΣϿʼĵһΣһ߳ĴΣȥˡǵһҲԼ߳ΣλǱŪġ𵥵;Լ߳Σû䣬СѨӲģôл
Ǻǣ㣬𣿡ԺΪһһŮܲס
ɬ˵Դôȥһˣ˵ĻѾܲˡһЦγһϢһ£ϾñʶǷǳ¡




031¡С

㡭û㡭ԼãԼȷʵǷǳˣ߳һ࣬ΪСˡС˺ȻޣͷһǸִİȻͦƤѾĹͷǿɰ
ɬ֣ߣţ𡭡ǲǺûáſؿڣе𡣡ǣˣϲ㣬㿪ľ͹ˡ˵ĻΪԼһ˿ȥ۶ܿúףټȥпܻ˵ģⲻ뿴ġ
ǡô졭еԽߣԽӲ͵϶ܡ
룬΢Ц𣿡֪ʱŮж࿪ţҲݵҪҪǰ㣬϶СѨٲƨۣ󻹻ﱬĿһֱһλŵŮˣָо²˾ȥŪȥѾǺĵˣһŭתǾ͵òʧˡ
һⶫ𣿡ﺦ£ĶҸղŻԼ֮߳ؽ滹մһİɫĭȻҪԼ
²⵽ͻԥΪ飬æЦЦģ
𻰻û˵꣬͵ͷڹͷһ
𣿡
˻ŵŮˣһ¡ţáһ;ú߳ˣǿһжԼĳޣɫ˺ܶ࣬ҲԼ֮߳ٺֵ
ղţ𻹲ԼԼȴûκγôȥ;ֵͷһ򣬾ζǺܣټһ򡭡
ˣƽʱׯϲַŮСһԼ֮
㣬ţԣͷ˵һξеڶεΡҲſܿԼȥʱȫı顣
쵰ôᶮЩĽ̵Ѿøɸɾʱںʱᷴθ£ȴϰߡ
㣬죡Ѿվ͹£ײ󺰣ȡС쵱СѨٳͼʮ£һ̵ľҺ
๾࡭ò̳ȥĶͣ޷³
һúö࣬˲˳С죬ֻ̡ȿȡ㡭㻹𣿡ϾǵһڱҲ֪Ѳܡ
쵰˫۶е죬ɼжܡָŤ⡣
˻㣬㣬ۡ벻ŮΪʲôϲŤԼŤԼˣϲŤǵǰƨʱ˲ʱƴŤԼ
㻹֪ۣߵĵ𣬡ǺǡһЦͷЦлл㣬ãƽϢˣΪô߳ܵ£ûĵ֪лԼ
㣬ٰһɡְ˵ǰٴߵ𣬡㲻ܹɵĺɾľҺ
쵰ſؿڣô𣬡˵ôᶮôַ࣡һ̵Լ˱ȣ쵰࣡
ϲ𣿡ǺһЦҶøأҪҪ£ɬķ۴𣬡쵰
һᣬǸʵǰиŮˣԾͶЩ
أɻǵ˵û˵ģһĸо
ֵ龰ϿɬһЦԶˡ
̬֪п࣬æ§ͷ˵Բ𡭡ЦЦҡҡͷʾԼû¡
Ժ㶼Һ𣿡ǿɬ˵ղЩѾ۽ˣԼѾ޳ˣԾԺ޳ܽܡ
šáЦˣ𣬿ʼ˯˹ȥ




032¡׼ɿ

ڶ죬𴲾ˬþûôˣŮð賿δѵС¹ܻԼ䣬;úЦģ͵ԶССġ
С֪ĸ׽Ҷڷ͵ĸϴһĻ۰׵ļҬӰС鷿ﵴѣڲһˣô˵ԼҲŮֻڲ׼֪һȢ
ˣҪΪ룬һĲ£Ǿǻư죡ǳԹ緹͵͵䣬ҺϺ̳ȥˣȻ治֪ʲôȥƭСŮء
ͿϴԡǸɾˣǳճճģòϴ裬ԼණˣˮͰԼ٣ﻹ
𡭡ٴγײԼԼĺ׵СѨ޷İˣոշֿһᣬԼˣѵԼһŮ𣿡ţûʲô쵰ͷǳϲԼ쵰áˮ︧ԼСѨ
ͻȻС죬һסŵæۿȥһȴ쵰һѾһԴʶ
㣬ҸսͿԡʵ̲סˡǺһЦ
쵰³ݺݵžһ𣬡ˣŭĵ𣬡Ժ󲻸ҴкҾͲˣ
ţ֪ˣ캬šæһһоôҪˣ
ߣˮ˱ʱʱ
ûС޷ģҲ˰񫣬һ߰ϴ裬һɿڣһֱŸԼϴֱ·ɿ
쵰ͻ׽ŪңȣƨɸպѹĦִŤģղˣϴ費˵Ҳʵĵ˵Լ׼뿪ʵ̫ˣ쵰Ҫֻû
Ǻǣôҿ˶̲סһ̵ģ쵰ʵĺܺúܺá
ˣ㣬滨죬¡
ţʲô£֪һ㣡ѾһеΪԼҪȥˣɼǶôҪʱŮӾһӣôûʲô»Լ˸Ҫ
ţ֪⸽ĵط뾡ʵżᶨƵľ⡣
ҸһɽЩ߳ɱޣȡƤëԴȻ۵ȵȡҧҧ𡭡Ҳȥ˵ˡ
ǺǣԹԱҺܿġǺһЦ
Щԣһ͸Լ˵¡ңΪʲôҪȥҺ𣿡𣬴Կϣƭ
ĵģ˼ᶨ棬ҸڷҪԺ֪˿϶ԼŮˣִţᶨ




033¡

̾˿ʵư컹жû˲סˣˮð𡭡𡭡ſؿʹ
Աٿ˺𣿡˵ҴҲܲµΪʲôͻȻôãΪưɣ£ҲزһźȵĺϵΪ»ưˣûлˡ
ԣ㲻ź𣿡ͻȻһžһƺݺݵĴʴƨɣľۣΪʲôҪһ˫ί۾ҪҪᡣ
֪ԭ𣿡̧һžȥԼ˲ΣǳͷΪʲô˵ʵҴ򲻹ư죿ߣ֪ҵ
һưƹſڵأ䣬һֻ֡žžžƨɼƣۡءأ֪ˣˣ
ˣҲ֣·ղžƨɣԺˣ֪Ҫȸ˵ѵ㻹𣿡ĸƨֱḧƺһĸо
ͷû뵽ϸһӾ֪Լʲôſ˵ģһᱣģûܰߴߣȿҵʬ壡粻ʬ壬ʬ壡ݺݼһ䡣
жԸΪԼ˶鲻ϵ䣬֪ˣ𡭡Ҷ֪ˣģı²ˡ
𣿶Բˡƨɡ
ҡҡͷһֱšңư컹жûҪʱ䣬ʱĻܻư졣
ʮ졭ʮ죬ÿ³壬ư춼թһЩǮƴֻ
ʮ찡üͷʮʦ磬֪ɽʲô
ʱ䲻ҵϳ΢Ц˱Ҫȥɽʮһ
ź׵˫͵ͷģЦЦģȻҲֵȣ
˵תߣͻȻסɻĿ£ֻĿӣߣ˼µ
̧ߺ΢΢һЦôȥ𣿡˵ͷٵʶԴͣ
ж֪ղ˵Ķǽڣֻǰһ㣬ﻹиĵŮڵ
㡭һ˿˵Ұ㡭
ԸŪ˱仰Ը⡭
ãѾǱ˫ֱƨɣ쾡ŴסͷٵĳšظµĿˮʪϴſˮ䣬ֻѵž°ͣӲëıӣȻѾӿٶȣ֪ϾҪˡ
ȻһᣬݺݵĶ˼£һУͷһ飬һ̵ľҺһɽһ
๾ࡱȥһֱ䣬ȻľŹͷֱɾΪֹ³ŪְѵմղĿˮԥĺɾһֱһۼûˣͣסİպãÿӡ
жǶôŮ˰ԼһУ㡭Ұ㡭˵꣬ͷݺݵС죬ȫ˸ղ緢ľҺζ̰ľ˱
ҡֿмһˮߣ˵̾ߣȥ᲻뿪
ҵ㣡ƮԶĿʧıӰŮһ




034¡ϵ

磡һˣϻʱŻعŻֵŮЦϱ󻹸Ҷ㲻֪滨Ȼƻ򻹺棡أҪ˵˵ϿʵֻͻȻɫȻǿЦ϶ȥˣܿͻˡ
ʲô۾ȥİˣҲҪȥ
֣ȥ£ȥʲôȡֺǳһ䡣϶ʱ˫ˮеƭˣǲˣ϶𣿡
һۣŮΪʲôİȥˣġǰǾ䡰ҡţһϻһᣡ
ͻȻһҪȥҴ磡˵תܣȴ׽סˣҶο϶ԣ޺ﲻ˵𣿴ģȥôҵõ磿Ҷϰ˼֣ҪǴ϶ǴҪȥ㣬ᵣģǲǣ㲻絣ɣ
šҲ絣ģǡޣǣҿܡ̣ô죿϶硭
ǾҪԹԵȴ֪𣿴Ҳϲ϶޵ġҶ仰Ȼá
Ҳޣϲ˲ᣬֻίģۡҪȴ
ţŶԣȥϢһ£㶼һˡҶϺطתŮ
ѾԾѣղŮĻǷǶأȥΣաŮС֪ʲôǸͰϲС֪֪ô죡ｹԼûкϵĻԿǴպŮ𣬵ȸ꣬ŮҲԸˣڡ
Ҷü˼ƺʲô⣬ûʲô£ŮҲŮˣԼòԼġֻǡ
СҶò˼ȥ·ɡ
ͷһظʪʪһƬǸղŰĿˮʪġĸ׵ѣ̺ӣæͷܻط䡣
Ҷ̾˿ǹζΪ˵Ȼ֪ʲôζֻףŮϣҸϾֻʮ꣬ȴǴźӵĸף޷Խĺ蹵һҶףô㵽ؿڶʪˣ




035¡ɽ

ɽ˼壬ɽ޺ܶ࣬ɽࡣܶ߶ܵһЩѧУҲ֯ͬѧվɽףïܵĴ֣ƺ滹и
ɽ𣿡ɭɭ練˷촽ϣͻơһ磬ݵ˽ȥ
߽ȥãͿһֻҰž޴𣿡ŷ·Ұ˹üҰѾѾֿͨܵˣٶȺܶ˾Ͳ
䡱һ㣬Ұݺݵײϣ̻˼¡ﺧȻѾ൱俪ߵˡΧѾǿޣĲǸǿ
΢΢һЦһѪһָըҰʼš
Ǳ˽ŲһӣܣɭһȺʮһȹŮнšһ¶ۺͶ£ųְˬֳ̬ұ·յý鷿ҰԡֻŮȺѧŵΡ
ȷʵӢΣ첻ӽɽģֻǿɶΣ쾹Ȼ˶ĵҪҪ˯һӢ붼û;ܾˣοʼѣ
ɶСˣӢݺݵУΡû취ܾݹûǮҲûԣӢε̾˿
Ӫһ죡Ӣ˵ͬѧûһѧУдӢĿֲһʦڵΪǰиʦֶŵģ֪ô£ʦڶڴˣ˵Ӣôһ߱Էѵ
ͬѧɵô˸ֽס¡
ҹӢȻҪҹɲָһȺ俪ΪѧһȺѧӢεҡҡͷۿĴѧԺҪˣԼѧõóְˣ
ҹӢĿܣɭֵաͻȻԶһɧ˭ӢһһӰٵӢ̰γݺһһָ׼ȷĴڽϣӢۣʵ֮£ͻȻԷ󺰵˭Ϊʲô͵Ϯң
Ӣʱ֪Լ嶯ˣûе⡣æᣡᣡ
᣿ӰӢ˳ʱ˳ֻ˻õģһͷҵͷӢΪǾУſڶŵؤ
ͬѧӢĳʱΪѧУͬѧأѧ󣬶ʵûǰǿղһָľ׼ޱȣʦһ
ûΪԷǸŮͷɾ裬ڳԺˣɱޣڷߵʱԥڱ͵Ϯ˶ǣ۾ͼ˼
ᣡŮͦͦظ΢ЦãǴѧԺʦӢʦ
ʦʦɻĿʦڵŮʦӡ߶ģӦһļһŶԣŮ͹ȣģϸϸ
Ӣ˵һ˫ɨ裬ɫʼ÷ǳã㿴ʲôǻ𱬵ԸϾҪˣ
ŶԲ𡭡εЦЦϾһŮǺܲòΪȻᣬˡ
תߣӢæȵȣתͷһ˫۾Ӣô㻹£
Ӣһ£۹ôôϬ滹еɱ֪⼸ɭֻɱ˶ޣˡѾȣڲǰѾһʦĸսƾԵЧӲǰһʦǰڵļһҲܣؿںݺݵĻһ˿ڻѪҪٶӢʦаȫˣ¡
û£ֻǡӢ֪ôڣϾеðüͷһ壬תûʱŮ˺ʱ䣬ȥΪʱ䲻ˣŮ˵ȲԼôã
ιȵȣӢôˬߣһӶ˲СѧУǸڵģΪԼԸУƫƫ̥ǲŮػǹģ
¸˵Ӣ⻹ǲ˰һȶûУʲô¿˵ûʲôʱ䣡̲סŮһֱںੲݡ
ģпվһ˴ѧԺ͡Ӣ뻹ǰǸͷѹȥǵȵѧԺ˵ȽϺá
ͣ룬֪Ůʲô˼Ӧû⣬ǵͷп˵ɡ˵ˡ
ӢȥͻȻʲôæСģǰѾǻصķΧˣǵöӰӢһֱ૵ˣûˡ
ʵˣûô⣬أ˼һȥսѶȣͻڼͻôȥܻư죬ʦʵڵʵһ˿ϣûУ




036¡֮صķ

֮طǳȣǺطȣĨһϵĺˮԶһɽ壬Ǹǻɽ𣿡
ҺһñԼˬ˲١
·ϵѺԽԽˣеѺﻹҽ緢ǻ֮أǸɽǰͻڼϣͻƵĶɡ
˿ɽڣͷһɽȫҽ̵ðݣһŨŨḷ́ƺ̽ĳʯͷġ
ĴҽʲôûУﲻʧˡͻȻоҲ󣡡òԥſӣಡʲôϷɹҵǿۡ
ʲôڼĸ𣿡ֻеڵĸֲƾ·ٶȶܹ磬˻ᱻˡ
̧ͷһһɫĶҪڵطûԷæ㿪ȻǺɫĴУһڣѾ˫ֽǰܣ˲ǰһ㵭ı
ܽһǶĹȻƣǺɫҵһʧ߷һ˳ȥײһɫʯͷϣ̱ײơ
ۣ³һѪߣûǿӲǣһײ඼顣
ʲôǿ̧ͷʱĿɿڴ⡭⡭ǰĶ˼άͣ˼ӡ
һֻɫĴȶųβسͷϻһļһĶǻ
ˡ𾪴ˣֻǰķһĴ
û룬ֻ˿һ𡣡ģԱһԾͬʱﲻɵһֻսʯҷɣһƻʮ㣬Ҫء
һϣûСеˣٶȺֵܵġ
ۣٴαɣƺоҪˣһҵʹҪ𣿡𲻸ģڵѩ軹ڵѩӻڵȥһ취ûУѾòǿߣûκλᡣ
ŷԼԳһЦʿʵΪűֿܵʦھͺ˲˭֪ʵǿʺ硣
ªĹɱңƫƫɱХһɽһԾ
ټˣ㣬һҪȢ㡭
ټˣһ硭
ټˣӣһ֪ҵ
Ÿ˼´
Ȼҽһʯͷ׼ȷ棬ͱ˴飬ٺݺһˤǿӲҲסˤȥ˲䣬һѪ³ʧȥʶ




037¡ӷ˵

ӣƺУ˹ǡҡҡ۵÷εԴ񣡡˻æסʹؿڣֻˣǾ޴վԼߡ
ֻ֡ûٹˡɵú棬ǰĹɱԼû֡ô£ķˣȻҲԻܸоķŭ
ãһһãܹա̲סЦˣ˵ôˣƺĳЦŭĴУ𡣺Ȼ˹ȥһѾ˵òٶ֣ŷֻצץ
Ȼ۾ǿ̣׽ļŹ̵ҽȥ
ιҪȥģҪһ˾Ȼҽ塣
ͨ˴ҽ⡭𾪴ˣҽΪһʬ޴棬ڻúõġһΧϢԭǷһ
ҪȥģԼû£ҷ˴ԼҲӣշٶȿһ㣬ڹطѾˡ
˲ᣬ롣һᣬͻȻоеȣԽԽȡоԾз˵ıûɻȵİ
뵽⣬ͣˣŷ˵ıѾͷ󺹡ҽϸۿܣоҽƺҪʯ顣
ͻȻ˺ݺһ˦𣬡ʲô֪ʲôŭĴۣоƺײʲô
ǣоղײĶѾ뵽ڣһɻƺġȣԼҪճ˸ˣģ࣬ĵһƺŻ
ʹҵʹ֪Լôģǻձȫյꡭ
ֻ˴ʱҲƺ͸¶˽š
ܾúܾã֪ԼǲˣʶڣȴоĴڡ
ʱңԶҪɽ̫ȫˮ𡭡˵ʮˡ

ͨͨĿʼľ
ͻȻһ建ǣˣҽͨƺҽΪһ塣
ӣתͷһֻ˻Աߣųһ׽ס𣬡Ϸȥ
񣡡ݺݵһȫЦ⣬ܸоı仯ƺǿ˺ܶ࣬һ£ڵѾҺ壬ʦڵƺҪﵽ֣Ա߻һɫĻ򣬡Ǳǻ𣡡̲סЦ˵˸мȻ֪ΪʲôͻȻԼôãǸ֪ͼ֮ˣ˶ж
һɳҽٴΰݺݵˤڵϣ۵ֱ죬񣡱Ϊ㣡Ѿǿ˺ܶ࣬ܽܵģûоⷬϴ裬ιȥˡ
˲ֻӻӳһֻɫĵǰ棬Сķŵǰ𶨾һ⵰ܸойǿƺһԺ̸ֳһĻ»ɽʱȻˤʯϣ˿ѪˣǿѪ絽쵰ϡ
˻ӣ֪ôˣѾ⵰ĶѾγӣһֿ޵ķԼѪմ޵ϣþѪעӴֻֻ㣬û£Ҳ˵һֻһֻޡ
⵰ӣʲôٿǽŹе̬ʱһѵǡ˰Ƿ˰
࣬úôҺӡһԾŷˣֻʹתųȥ۽ﾹȻ˸ˮ
Բ𡭡𣬶˸棡ɢһĸӣһúôģһԶһӦûС
߰ɡ쵰ڻ֪Լҽ˶ãʵϻưʮְգҪϻҡ
ԶһֻˣڴҶ£͵͵ȥıӰһ˫۾ˮ




038¡ǵ

ô£ոջصſھͿذֽһĸоãѸܽȥȻһȺµˣڴ𶨾һǣ˫ۺףƺ˺ܾãԱ߻ĵܵĸҶ
ô𿴵мһײģ˸λд⼸֡
㡭һ˵תͷ
𣡣е۹⣬ݺ˽
磡ͬҲ˹Ҷֻ΢΢ͷ
ˣô£ʵһ޵øģɨǣɨǣۡʹޡ˺ĵĿʹ
ԣ㲻ɨǣ㲻ǻ𣿸ңǵڼˡ
ʮ죬ʮ죡һƿ𣬡Ͻߣ뿪⣡ɨǣẦģŰĴţ˫ͨ졣
𿴵ۣʮ죬죡Լĸ׾Ȼˡ
תߣ϶ʱȻеο뿪û¾ͺá
磡Ҫ϶ûүүˣҲҪ϶𣿡ȴ·֡
΢΢һЦſС֣Դ˵ġתͷĿȫǼᶨɫ
ңһ仰ºѾӰˡ
ҡʧˣôᶨƣ̬ϴȥʱҪᶨ
ҡ㡭˵һ䡭
ŭޱȣʹޱȣư죡ҧ̴ĴڡȻư滨˶֪ס滨ԶСܺã˽ȭͷưڵȥ




039¡ɱʦ

ϴôСƤһСӣĶŻư˵
ߣ㶮ʲôưһСӶҵܸܵˣôôϸ⣺ҪһҪҪңʱ˵ʲôʲô
Ŷϴ˵ܾôƤСһЦϴ󣬵ʱǸ׺Ů
ưӻһЦҶģҲ֣ɱʱ򣬵һţӦû£ҵľʦȻĺô
ллϴллϴ󣡡Сæлư죬ǷϵҶͿɰϣС徹Ȼ޳ܵĶ
һȺ޳Ƕһưžվ˭˭һư̷
ң
أӰɳȫײˡ
˭ưһܸоʵǿ
һָһ˿ɫȫˣͲˣ
ưγĴ󵶿ڼϣСӣҪ֣Һᣡ
ߣһָ㻹֪ưɫΣкݺɢ˵ָʦɫأ꾹Ȼʦǵǳǿ
ɱư첻Ҵ⣬Ϊ滨ʵǷǳǿģųɨһ
ܣ̷ư첻ʦǿߣһ˺ƿķϲӾˡܹǳ¡
һָ죬ڻЧָȴָǸСӡ
С̾ţʵûлưôǿֻǻưһʦƾŴͷԻ÷ˮ𡣿һָСӸ޷Ŀǵɫ䴩ؿڡ
䴩ؿ˲䣬СӾȻȼͬһյ¸ֱУϴ󣡾ҡ
ưæ𾪵Ŀŵʹľʦڤߣֻڤ߲ŶЩˮ׵Ԫ֮
ԣưոָǵ׵ǲϴģ
㵽˭ư첻òأʵԷǳ졣




040¡ɱư

ǺǡЦˣưһ˭㶼Ҫ⣡
˭һҽͷģѾˣǰֳһܣŵıֻͬʱָͻָҲȥ
ߣưָͬʱɢպóûһĳ
ưӶֱֻͱ𣬡ž
ưĴֱֱܣȻꡱһƺʲôһȻһƻţư챻
ҪưŭˣղһƸ˲˺ǰһƬڽǳԾҪ֪һƿʯͷܻƣο˻档Ȼ˻ư
ǿ壡ԾȴûֹͣƾҽϴǿʣӲʮȼ˻ưǺɨһͬʱָݺ˫š
˻ư˫һһȣʹޱȡѸ׽סᣬӲ̧ʹţݺݵɨ䡣
˲䱻ɣײ˷伸ӡư컹ûʹסˡֻվ˫ּ˹ȥôܣưţ֪ǽſþͨһͷֳΣȻ
𣡡ưĿ־ˣĸоߣߣڤߵĽ壬ûġ
ưԾһ£׽סᣬһˣưʱŻ񣬲Ѿ׼ã˫ָűͬı˫һݺݻлưš͸ָ棬˫ͬʱͬűԣһƱһƻ𣬺ݺڸոָеĵط
ۣư˲䱻ɣɳ岻Ѫ⼸мþҺǿʣȻǸָٶȶǱ˫Ƶġ
ܡؿھʹûưҪϢȻعݺݵư챾еݵһȣһ»ư첻͹ˣżҪˡ
ưӵɵôģʣˡ۵áֱùưĴ󵶣Ĳһưͷ­̷




041¡ݼ

ѾȥˣһڹŸ׵λѾᣬĸҲΪˣŲòϢȥˣֻ˫˺ܴĴ
ҲСһʱҲȥϢˡĵܵҲɫ˿ҡͷ
һ˻ڹŸף뵽׵ɵÿһеԭϣҪֻʣˣݺݵҧѵԼɨ𣿡
ԼɷҲΪԼҲǣ˵ԺУܵܣĺʹͻȻ͵վĨһˮŮھȥһư죬Ͳ˺ܵܺˡ
˵תߣͻȻһӰסղ˵ȥ
𣡡ﾪϲǿһƿ𣺡㻹ĻҲǽ𣡡
ǲҪȥһư죿΢΢һЦ㲻Ŷұˣ
ǵģǵģˣΪΪˮŮˣæš
ǣǸղ˭˵ҪȥưţŽǲֲˣ
ǵģˮֱҰ㡭ˣҪٻȥһưֻǽҪ˺㡭
Ȼ͸˵㣬治ԣҪƨɡȰݼ
֪⣬ղŵһ˵ĻһֲˣȻҲҪΪԼȣɼԼݸ֮
ҲٵϷһͬ£Ȼٰеİ򿪣һ˳һѪܵͷ
ֻͻȻ˵ǻưͷѾ㱨ˡ
һСʱһۣɵ˵ǻưͷʱ̶ǿѪܵͷ­Ȼɻʶ
ͻȻˮԭǰ첻Ҫ뿪ȥȡưͷ
𡭡ߵ𳹵׷ޣưңһжԴֻʹһй
ãѾ̾˿Ҷ˵ͷȻط䡣
ҶǷޣæ˹ǿһĻһѪܵͷǻư컹˭
лл㡭򡭡Ѿ˽λȻСⲻӰ𾴡
ááҶɷԱҲˣϲõˮŮ˸ˡ





042¡ιҳ

˯һ죬һֱ˯ڶϣҲ˯ȵһ졣
ˡ۾ͿܰЦݡ
𡭡΢΢һЦʲô±۾Ϳ˵ЦݸҸأ
һûԶˣЩ࡭ûҸ̫Ķոһٳô͵ʳﲻá
ιҡһЦף˴Ȼһһι
ι˰룬̲סˣһĿһͷųԣģջ
ͻȻһԼ죬ȻȻĿȥ࡭ͬʱҲ˹ȥ
ͨ죬ҲԸɹࡣó𣿡ٺһЦ۴ϣ쵰
Ǻǣٴκȥ޷ܽӣһһڳҲ֪⵽ػĿˮһһǡ
һòų꣬ˣ˻ûꡣѾӵһͷϽſˮ
㡭Сֿ޽ߵ̲סȥӶͷӣնȵȣһһױ顣
𡭡Ҹѣÿһ缡᲻˳
ôˣ𣿡ͣס˶ˮ
ҡҡͷ΢ЦĿ𣬡𡭡Һܿġװһκ𣿡
ţô׷ٺһЦ쵰߲ѣεεģ𿴵һֻĲ£顣




043¡׽Ū

쵰Ϣָͷͣ׽ࡣ
Ѿ̲סˣһֻڽ£ͬʱҲȥܿɳĸһ֬ļ⻬ۣѾ׵Ĳӣ¾˵ظ
ԥһţͷҧ쵰šĿŪһᣬСѨѾģһֻò٣ܿͱʪˡ
㣬㿴̧ʪָһģ
һ۾סָϵˮ˵֪Լġ쵰ߵ޵ݣָֻϵˮҺͣķ̾㡭ˮóԣ
ߡĲٿˣǺǡһЦָ͵ߣԼζҿڣģĺ촽
סɬ΢촽ϲ˽ȥָҿۣĿǻͷ档
һۣǿɬͷ֮˱ñԣ˱ÿһָͬʱСֻ£·Ħ
Ҫ𣿱𼱣ȰοһСȡͷԼߣͬʱҲԴСѨ
š㡭̼ô治򻹴ҧٻζִ̼ܵһ˳
òȫܣûٲˣʱ̧ͷСȥ
֪ô£һֱˮе̣еɧͻȻʲôߵֱ۴𣬿Ȼ졣
쵰ȫŭĵ쵰ҪľˣȻزԼȫԼιˡ
Ǻǣó𣿡ҧгݿɰģɵ˷ܣԡϲԡˣֶֻ죬˱ͷ




044¡еľջ

ʱѾѹ˴ĴƨɣԼͷϣͬʱļ
ᣬſȥɬ˱ʵ̫ˣĵطȫ¶Ƥ£ûκءƺܸо˫ȵĿɨ裬СѨ̲סˮ
ﺬʲôѾ翪ͷֱӵŪͷһô̲סֱŤΣƺ档
һᣬȻһָֻòľջƨòоҵĲ
ٺ١һЦƺʲôĶָֹ˼ƨۣ嶶øˡ
Ҫ𡭡տʼһ£ͻȻȥֱͷζ³һͬʱҵĲۡֱʪš
СԹԣԭƨôаԴ߲ѣסƨɲöߵ궴ССĵطԼûĵطǴʱİŴš
ˡ𡭡ǡ࡭ǿƨ۴ĿУҲҪҪˣǵطʵ࡭
ûһģϲ㣬Ұ㣡ôͺá˵ͷСѨƨִۣƨ浽СѨ
ſ£޷Ū̼һһٸ񰡣ૣ𡭡Ұ㡭һֱղЩġ
㣬ˡ湻ˣҲǵܣһůС̧˫γmΣһͽŢСѨ
มСѨ˲䱻ʵȻֻǲˣѹȥһֻץ鷿һֻͬʱ١
ش̼£Դ˫ҲﲻͣĴ
Լһ󣬱Լᣬļ΢΢ӣȻ£ĿټӿٶȡԴǽؼ䣬鷿ҲĦ
𡭡ˡʵڲˣѾ߳ΣҲˡ




045¡ժջ

ǲǺûá֪ߣߣ𡭡
ٺ٣СãҪժһջһЦﰵһʲô
ɻĿ£ڳɹſʽӺ𣿡֪ô£֪ڱʲô
ͻȻоƨۣæ𣬴ˡ
ûմˮ󻬣һͷȥˡ
ۡô뵽ȻҪǸطͷ۵òſȥҪ𣬺ʹ
ɵ㡭ԣȻģִҪҲƴǣѾôôֻҪľͺá뵽⣬Ҷǿƨͺʹ
˰ѿˮߣϣȻʼ롭
ýȫû룬û뵽ƨôʴƨȴôСֽǼѹǷǳġ
𡭡ȥ𡭡˵һȻֻʣѵ档Ҳû뵽ԼССƨ۾ȻȻ
㣬ƨеҺûгͣžƨɡѰſڴϣȻ֮£Ҫиȥˡ
㣬ҪˣƺѾӦʼƨɻ͡มڴҲ̲סڻֱ̼
ôá˵ָо
㣬ô𣿡λͣȻӿ죬СѨһѾӦ֡𡭡ƺжҪƨ۳æţһֱ񾭡
𡭡㡭ҪһֱûʲôСѨһʪȻƨеطٺ١һЦڲϳ͡
ʱֹãսҲ̲סˣµ̲࣬һɿʱһſȥ
죡죡Ȼеģ΢΢һ۴͵Ĳ˽ȥȻ󲻹ķӦͷͳͼ¡
ˣһסͷ£һɽһɵľҺ䵽
Ҳһߣḧſµ˵㣬ðҰ㡭
ۣղǿĴֱ֪𱬷ڼ;ͻȻˣǳܣĬĬĳš
쵰µĺۼͻȻŵһζ˲֪ʲôζû˵š
ɾҲŲκζʱſؿڣº




046¡ͼ

𡭡˽ĻظͷȦȦƺлҪ˵
ôˣ㣿£æʵ֪ҰģͻȻ˵òԾͷҲ㰡ôˣ
𡭡ҡ˵žž⻬ļο˵ɡء
˵ҧҧڹ㲻ҪȢң
ʲôæŸղ˵Ļղ÷ǳ
ѵҪݺһĻˣΪʲô㣬𣿵Ϊʲô
û뵽Ӧ˼ңӦԽ֤ԽԼﻹǺ۵ģĵģҲʹæڵǵģ˵Ҳ뿪ģҰ㣡
ţﶨ˲٣뿪ԼƾͰĲ٣ղ˵
΢΢һЦɴϣٴſؿڣа׵ָȦȦ
˵ǸˣҸҲ뿪ġţ˵ң䲻㣡
ˣæڣ㣬䲻㣬ƽ⣬ӵĸ֣
ҸˣûбҸͷ΢΢һЦ˵꣬һĺҸеˣǸѸһ֮ˣˣ뿪ڣȴСס˵˵Ⱥ𣿡ᣬͷǿĳ嶯
㻹Ǹ꣬ȴһ죬Ժǰ;еԺԣ㲻ȢңȢѸһģԶ뿴ģ˵ţԣҪȢһŮ㣡
㣬˼ǡľһƺܲµʲôȻ˵𡭡Ȣ϶
䣡һƬңȻˣȻԼȢŮǲģ㣡أǲҪ뿪ңҲҪŮҪ㣡֪Ҫ㣡ŲȢ϶˵ϲϣǸɰСã˶ϲȣô
ץˡ죬æ֣ղһʱ
쵰˺ãҶû˵꣡һƵ𣬸ղֽŵ̬һɹӿͷ㶼û˵꣬ôŸʲô𲻵òŰƺҪ뿪Լܲ
ҷĺð㣬뿪ĻһȥĻжɻԼ˵ʲô
ԣҾ϶㣬϶£Ҳϲ磬㲻ᶪҡһ΢΢һЦܸо壬ҡԶŮˡ
ʲôĶ˳⡭ĸŮһ򣡣ԾĿʵڲԼ䣬ʵ̫̼ˣøң
ûĸŮռˣһŤ䣬۵˼֣ĸŮô뵽Ȼ˵ֻ
ʵ檺ϵ׶Ǵɱɱܶոճ޵ŮӾʧȥɷѵһӹŮ˲Ǻѹ𣿡뵽ԼһӵģҺһˣԸһӣֻǸ꣬һ죬ҪȢԼԻӰȢԼŮϣȻԼҲ뿪ˣȻĸŮһܲĸŮһ˫յĸֹһԣӴϰɵǣĸŮĴڡҲûСֻ֣ҪˣԸ⣬ǾУֻΪԸȢԼ
ִ֪ģΥ׵£ǰ붼룬˵ڣʶԼ˼뻹ִִͣҲ£ǶǮҳģûĸĸ׻ԸŮһһ˵ġֻΪǮΪ˹úãǾ꣬壬ʲôxxȵĸŮһŪɧظ֪жŽףԶˣ
㣬ðɡڸ·𿴵һԼǰŮһųӡ
ţãˡͻȻˮˣոջĻ̱飬ǻ˰ɡ
ꡱͻȻЦƵӣ׽Ū棬ûм׽ŪȥոȢ϶ʱ٣弤÷˷ܵĸо쵰ǵ˼һ֪ָһԴֵЦֻǧ𹼸Һ϶ǶŮˡ
֪㣬㣬áֽ˽ڻ




047¡Ƽ

õûУһҶķ䣬ڴϡҶҲŮæСû¡˵ҶɫʹŤղٶ̫죬СŤ˴
£æҶڴ㻹˵û£ղ趼˵ˣ仹һѪɢҪ²ܻưһ涾ǻ㱻ˣӦûᰲϢˡ
ֶˡҶЦЦС˵İɣûʲô󰭣ԱᰲϢģ㣬ľôˣ
ͷҶ˵ţǸˣԺ϶򣡡˸޳ݣԣҲΪһҸӰ쵽
Ҷ̾˿ֻǿˡ
Ҳܸ࣬ߣҾѾˣˣʱ䣬϶ȶװɣ˳ˡ
Ǻǣðɣɣ㶼ô˵ˣҲֻ֧ˣǱСӣҵŮƭˣҵŮˣҶŭҲÿϾǿΪһʵǿ˻кܶŮˣư죬Ͼǳǿ󣬶ʮ檣ز֪Ū˶ŮأΪУ֣ͱˡԼŹ
ţǺã϶СҪԲ⼸ҿ𡭡˵㣬ϸΣ⼸ɰۻˣǿĳ־Բÿ϶ǿ¡
ӣԼɣҶŮǽģﻹ֪Ů˼ϷһʵǳСȥˣ
ոմ϶ȥˣ㲻֪϶ϲ𣬾ǰð룬϶޸ҲǷǳõġȻ˵ûҲʵķȤԴǾЦ
ǾͺãŮҸԼϲˣףֲ̫ԼҶڸ̾ͬʱҲ뵽ԼԼҲǷĸ֮ý޸ʵˣô֣ҶҲֻӸĽӶѡǼ޹湷İþͺܺˡѾȥˣҶҲûʲôǣңֻһöŮҸˡ
ѪûɢҪҪæǻͻȻ뵽ΪɢѪӦöǺܼ򵥵İɡ
𣿡ҶҲеΣϾһֱڴϴôãӶ⣬Ҳˡ
ţȥʣҴĸͬ⣬æ˳ȥͲĸǰбǻᣬϾԼˣĸŮ˲ϲԼݣ
ҲԶˮأúܡ
϶Ҫ׽ͿȻˮŶ涢źģɵЦЦ
粻ãƭңҲŲϵأô󰡣ұô࣬ôܰˮƳƳ𣬲źĸꡣģϣ궯ˣͱʾϵˡϴһʼͽŸꡣ
ͻȻȻȥ磬ϿָŸ꣬죬ȻһС㱻ˮ档
㣡ðܵ㣡æС׽СһлѽҪˣæȥ׽б£һĲȣۿҪˮ磡
ͻȻһӰסͬʱǰĵĻģ粻϶ˮġ
һԾ˰߽Զĵط
磬Ļھţղˮˡ
硭С˵˵ҪҼ޸㡭
ţ΢΢һЦ϶޲ޣ
϶뿪磬˵޸Ͳ뿪ˣ𣿡Сʵ
ţһӶ뿪϶
ţҼޣ޸磡˵
Ǻǣ㻹Ҵ磿ɵϷʲôϣܽдˡ
ǽʲôŴۣɻĿ𡣡Ϲ
Ϲ粻ϰϾúϹǺǣ϶޸ҺŽеģ޼䶼ôеġ
ŶҼ޸ҾϹͯû飬ĴḧϵĽ
𣡡һлѣԶܹð亹ղŲ֣˵һ޸ԼԺŮˣϲʮ࣬ȻһСŮ֣
޳ܰﰵԼһ䣬ôˣŮϵôãοǶϲ
ؼңҪæһߣһ߽µҪʲô




048¡ĸ

ǻˡ𣬿￴·Ѿ֪ҪԼˣ䲿λϴֵưһţȻ˵ˡ
ʵˣԼϣֲþֻܾܱųԵ̬ȥ
ŶôͻˣҶſڴϣ˵ľǺ󱳵ΧԲǺܷš
ǰĲҪ𣬿￴æ𣬡ĸֻԣΪҲûԹһ᳢¿ܳʵûվûա
ǺǣС𰡣ǽĸҶЦĿûȢ˼ĸȷʵãǰ쵽Ǻϸ£һûء
ˣˡģҶҲٵϷС𰡣ҵŮŮˣԺɲܹǣȻĲ㣡
ǸĸģҺ㣬Ҳܰίģ϶Ҳҵĸαҿ϶æ˵Խס֣ȫҸ΢ЦͬҲЦ棬Ժ
ãϣס˵ĻŮŮģҶΪûʲô˵ģҿܲΡ
ãԡõҶϿɣǳģϾ˼뻹ִͣĸŮһҲǳе¡
ߣᰴҶĺ󱳡˻Ҷ۵ֱҧءͣˣոֻ׵Ĳλû뵽ŪҶ
ĸû°ɣʵ̡ޱȹġ
ûû£ֻСղһǵطеۣûˣġҶڰ֡
Բ𣬲ĸҲ֪ⲻܹ𣬱ϾҶųۣôܿõ˴
Ҷ񿴳ѴڵСȴ϶ȥɣｻСˡ
Ǻðɡ˵ͽˣõģȥ˳䡣
ʣֻʣҶˣе㲻ӦйŮĶеΣԷǸޱȵ
Ҷȴûô࣬ϾﻹǸ꣬ȻŮ˹ϵǸСһҶûоòף󷽵˵СҰȥٰҿ
Ҷ˵ֻСһ£Ȼʹ¡¡ѣҶķԸæƽ̬Ҷϵĳۡ
ȻǸ뵽ҶֻŶǶͲڿ㣬ź󱳣ǶǶ޷ȫǶ˶鷿ѹܴҸ߿͹Բޱȡ
ҶȻѾʮ꣬ƤȻй󣬻ϸ塣һҲûвԼй˵С㿴ô𲻾ѿڻش𣺡ܺá
ܺãҶæתͷ˵ʲôܺá˵ײǺܴӦúܺɢġ㱻Ҷʧ̬ӣæӦ
ţ԰ɣеĻˣϢҲõġҶϣΪߵ档




049¡˵ĸ

ţȡͷᰴ׵ıԵȻʼķе㲻ȻȫҶ鷿ȻֻһߣóǶ鷿Ƕô
¿ˮƽԼ̬Ҷ⻬ļҲ̲סѹȥǸǾԲеġ
ǿų嶯ʼרĶ״Ƥ㡣еͳǿŲȥҶ̬۽ǻʱʱ͵
มҶͻȻ˵Сôô飿ȥҺǾ仰ԼڰɢѪ
Ŷ״ȻѪӦûеģĸ̰ɣӦúܿͻáæ͵
šСⷽУû뵽Щ߱»࣬趼û취ֻܲҩƵԼɢû뵽СһŪôЧҶɵһܸоĳȣȼʲôһ
ĸ佱ˣһˣòĸ쿵Ҳܿġ΢΢һЦҶҲҶϵı仯
ţС㻹治ΪҲʵҲģС϶ҲǻҸģǰҶˡ
ҸҵΣܵõѾĸ֣Ҳܵίģᶨ˵ŮӣУӦϧ
ǺǣǺãҿţסĻҶЦⷬҲˡ
û˵ȻרĵˣҶſڴһ
มҶٴηû취ĸо֡ĿͶ˸ֻҪҶܿⲻܵģˡ
šҶѾ۾ڱƣָо˯һʵû˯ţָֻоǳ˼Ѿ˺ܶˣ֪Լ̲סеģ߳ǲӦڱǰеģȻǸ꣬Ҳ˰
Ҷǿҧأ֪ڱѾʲôˣҶпʼ̲סˣһֻ״ɢѪģ˫ϣۿѪͿҪȫɢˣ̲סˣĴֿʼȥҶ⻬ĺš
ȻҶ֪ڸʲô˴ʱоӿȫһֻĦɴͶһжѣȫ֪Ūĺ󱳡
һ󱳶ǶһɣҶſڴһҸ±İ鷿ǳȥڻܶԷʲôݣҶֻǸŮˣʮŮˡ
ûôֱȥȻڱĦɴͬʱɢʣѪ
ĸѪֹܶ࣬㣬ҸĵطҲѪ𣿡ʲôʱôˣԼֻ֪ߣֱǿõʱѾʼˣҪΪǿߣǿ߿ɱˣᣬϲŮֱɣûԼǿߡ
ûôԣϲϲɰûǰԻܾСӰĶףľһԼȷʵϲϣԼҪѵˣϲͶֻõǸ飬ֶΡ
ҶҲǣŮʮʮ绢ղ͵ʱڲսʤ£־ǿ˵ĻĲʣܱ֤Ҷ˱˻ôҿ϶ԼԻãǰΪʲô׽ס᣿
¶ҪҶΪԼŮ˺˵ղǷȻռѵ֪Ҷĸףϵ̣̫Ρ
š˵ĻҶ֪ʲôݹƶû壬ֻ֪Ǿ䡰𣿡ԼһҶܵӦš
õҶĴӦȲ˫֣ߵȥպò˱ѹ鷿ҶһʱѹСڸʲô
ŶղŲ˵Ѫɢͦģڰȫ˵ޱ
Ҷ֪ôܾˣո鷿һ񴥵һġ
İɲĸһȫκõġ𲻵ҶӦ˫䵽ҸĦÿξ𶼻ᴥ鷿Ե
šҶҲƴǣʼ˫ַ·ħһ⴦ܴ̼
һᣬøˣһĴ㲻ȫĸҲɣֱȥĻϻᱻߡ
ĸˡһЦҶͻȻͣסˣеŶ𣿡ŤȻˡ




050¡Ҷ

ЦЦС𣬹ȻڹҶ´ˣڴ϶˿ˡ
°һûᣬæ˵ĸȱ´˰²ͽӲҸ㰴Ħ£Ԥʲô𣿡
ĦҶüƺ̫Ը⣬Ϊղ鷿飬Ҳףһ᲻ָоȻȥˡ
ţĸģûµģֻǸ¼⡣һ˵š
ǡðɣҰ󱳾ͺáҶڴӦˣʵҲζ¸ղоѾܾûԹָоˡ
ҶӦĶ˳¶˷ܵı顣
ţҿʼˡ
ͬǸղŵƣֻղ͵͵ģǹ˼£Ȼȥÿһ缡ûŹͬʱҸ²ʱָһ鷿
ĸ𣿡һһʵҶʱҶ˵һͻг˫ůĺ󱳣ǳ
ĸ𣿡˵һȥѹСȡСôҶһѾСˡ
ĸ㣬ڲܶطŰҶҲǣǱ㲻˵ˡ
ڱ̰Ŀ¹Ҷһ˷ܣĸװϵ̣ԼƭַʵǴ̼
ʼַһ˫ִϴ굽ȻִӼ򻬵Ҹ£һ鷿ٵࡣؼº󣬼ҶѾӦʼˣҲӴˣǼָ鷿ģڻʱֱŻʱͣһ롣ұͻϵģѾƨɡ
ҶˣĶԽԽԸоر˫ƻԼƨɡС𣬲ҪˡҶæ˵£ȥᷢʲôΪԼ̲סĿ
ûµĲĸ¶áᣬŶǡðɡҶҲ̲ס˫ȵ˫̫
СʲôͻȻҶУоĿӡĸ𼤶𣿡æ͵ҵĿܽ࣬ģҲµġ
УŮŮˣѾûˣ¶ƨɳҶġ
ĸŲ𣿡ϵĿҶǡҶΪ¶ƨǶôѿ¡
İɣɵ㣬ֲʲôſͷ֣ȻڿʱһԲ׵ƨɳǰ
ԥ˫һץƬ⣬Ȼĸ㿴ɡҶ߳ܵſͷȷʵǵһڱǰ¶ƨ󣬲ĺ
С㲻ˡҶڵģʲôٶţҾ࣬ɵ𣿡ı֤ҶҲ²£ˣˣӦûʲôģҶ¾䣬
˷ܲѣƬʴƨɾ鷿һԼ󣬶ԼĶƨмСҲ֮ҪǣҶܷܿʴ
ǿ˷ܣҳ嶯Ӵȣƨб仯ø죬ƨ۶һһϵ϶ҶҲû뵽оҪˣû棬СѨѾʪˣ̲ס




051¡Ҷ

ãһֱ㣬ĿҶ鷿ԴϴοһֱһֱȵСѨʼʪ֪ҶѾˣվļ
Ҷоƺæ˽ʱѾ˫룬ɫ󣬷ûС
ĸ水ˣ㿴Ҷûôǰɣڵǰˣɵ𣿡һ˵ҶҲǣڱȷʵûʲô˳˼һͼˣԭĶǶûиţڸʱˡ
Ҷæ˫ֱأţɵ㣬涼ˣ𣿡ҶʱԴԺģ˵Ҳǣ涼ˣǰʲô֣ҶҲûжķģѾõ鷿ڽı¶ǰ
ô󡭡ﲻźһͬʱҲ¿ˮҶѾҿȵĿƺ׵ʲôԼѾԣ֪ԼˣĴˣ߳ܣ뷨︡֡
ĸߣֻǰ㰴ĦѡȥȴҶһ׽סһ˫۾һȻſˡ֪ôˣⲢӰ飬˫ڴԸˣָУ
𲻽̾һֻ޷գʵ̫ˣ̲סʼ࣬ͬʱ˵ĸоô
Ҷﻹܻش۾ţʵҶѾ֪Ū鷿ɷģȴŮܾʵĿ᲻ƿ
˷ܵţָͷֻͷ̼ͦҶûлشԼ̧ͷһֻҶ΢ԴֻǶ
Ǵ̼Уת˸˫ϥǹͷߣպðͷм䣬Ȼ΢΢ѹ¶Ħͬʱ鷿Ȼš
ҶͻȻоʲôĦ΢΢һǡϸһʱ׹ԭĦԼһܸ߳Ķ쵰Ҷһ֪ʱѾ޷ģﲻɵȻʧȥɷûãͱŪˣһŮˣѵĸŮ˶ҪΪŮ𣿡Ҷ붼ûƣĸŮˣĸŮһҲֻó
𿴵Ҷûзԣµ͸ĦͬʱҲӣͺסͷҶû뵽ôͻȻݽȥˡ
ˡֻҪ˶У˾Ͳ֪ˡҶ˼ȥοԼ̲ͨס˵ҧ㡭
һ䣬ĶˣڱԼһŤſӶסҶС졣
Ҷˣ֪ĶʲôȻſӣȴûԹȻⶫԼ졣
úܲãڵĸͳ𣿡
ҲĸҶѾƺС֪˼ЦЦ˵Ҷͳ
Ҷʱ񣬡ӲܵĵļӲҶÿĳۣȻĿͷһ̵˳žһĴϡ
ô󡭡Ҷһһ湻ִģ⻹Ӧеĳߴ𣿹ֲСѾͷôϲ꣬ԭⱾǮ㡣
Ȼ󣬾Ͷŷ㶵ҶСֲ˽ȥθֱӵĲ룬Ҹ
ŻҶһû뵽ⶫܷŽ𣡿ɲ룬ȷʵ˽ȥ
š⼫ˣʼβϼҶС졣ͬʱҲûǷҶſȥͶСѨȥ
Ҷû뵽ֱӣ߳ܵطȻһһĶţݻҧ١
̫̼ˣҶ岻ϲû뵽˴̼ĸоκӣ޷С
Ҷ̲סֱ壬֪ˣ͵һҧ٣ȻҶŷʱ
Ҷ𣿡һ鷿һʵ
ãҶŴӸ߳ζлعתͷ㿴˼ӣſ˵Ӧһ¡
ţһټҶӦԶԼŮˡҪκˣҶᶨ
룬֪˼ǵͷã֪ˡı֤Ҷ˿ôҲǲãտʼĦʱҲ֤Ҷġ




052¡õ

Ҷһûأǰ˻ҶͻȻ쵰ҧһ𣬸ղͻȻණʱŻ
𿴵Ҷú񣬵Ҷһֳ졣ѹԼ·һ粽ҶϣȻ˫֣šҶ鷿мС
Ҷ֪ʲôܿˡ
쵰ҶɬѣԭҪ鷿˫֮͡
ҶеúˬҶû֣ǵһ棬ѱĻȲ÷·һٿ鹵мʱʱĹͷӶŵɧζҶ÷ǳ̼оƺֿʼˡ
ˣõ鷿ѱŰ㡣ͷһҶͨ죬۾ŹͷٺһЦǰһͣ׼ȷĶ򣬵ͬʱƨһǶԱӿ챻ˡ
Ҷһۣͷһţ㲻᣿´½һû뵽ȻѵŮ˶ڽ˷ܵĲš
Ҷŵģ̲סʼ̵ҶܿѧˣŮѧⶫǿϣֻҪһָ㣬ˣ츳õĻۣ׽סĸطУȻ
ҶԾŮˣһ׽ѵ棬۾ƺû뿪
ǸŤŤƨɣĦֻӡ
ˣҶҪ̲סˡæվһȻ˵Ҷ£ֿ˫ȡҶ֪ҪʲôˣﻹеţϾڶˣۿҪֹϵе㲻ѾǼңò£ֹˣҲֹæڵ㡭
ٺһЦȴ͵һҶо뱻ѣ쵰˵ǻᣬ̿ٵĳ
С𡭡ҶŮΪʲôɫôˣԭĹ͡
ÿ졭ˡҶ£̲סٴ羫ȻҶԾǣȻû㣬ڳͣþáҶֿʼ
û𡭡Ҷеˣղθ߳ˣڳţСѨ类ĭ
죡죡ͻȻԴ͵һֱĲ˽ȥҶ֪ô£оٵĳ
ˣסԴһǿľҺ˳Ż࡭ҶĶ֣һֱѹڿ£ֱٷɿ
쵰ȿȡҶᶼ˳Ū𣡡
Բ𡭡֪Լˣæҳ嶯ˣԲ𰡣ҲãҲá
쵰ҶϿҵĵǸ˲٣ʱٲ˷ȭ
ȻҶڴʱ򣬷ȴſڣһãȻ÷Ƶô˳ǳԷû뵽յſھ洫һѵܣﲻġţģ͵͵ڴڴ˸С龰ȫˣҶؿڣҶĿ
˲侪סˣôͻȻ뵽찲϶ףڵãԼҲˣŮȫ
ֻҵľ棬ͻȻֿҶ˫ȣܿͳ
֪󣬿Լʲôģʱĸҽȥſ˼һ뿪ˡ




053¡ע

磬϶Ư𣿡ϴŽ׵ĳۣͷź컨۵СһЩۣԵ÷ǳɰ
Ư϶Ưϲˣ˵
硭ɬЦЦʹ綩Ŷ˵ԺҾǴˣĶֿ𣿡
ֱϣ΢Цǰ϶Ժҵˣ϶ֿܷ
ţãȫЦݡ
ˣϯҶΪߣϵĶסͬʱҲ˴ңưıġһˣ˽һ˷ܲѣưȺͬجΣںˣ˵иˣôһʵǿŮ
ﶼǳˣɱףȻ˸ǣưڻҵŮģҺڲѣû뵽ߵСӾȻںһϵûˣʧȥ˹ҵ˲Ų˵ͬʱʧȥһǿ˲š
ǰңⶼȥģԺҾͲǰôˡ
죬ģҶҪȥͷϻСܺϷſڣ'°ͣűʲ֪ʲô
ٺһЦ͵͵ߵѸٵĴӺס˫顣
һæתͷһȴ⸱Цʱ˲٣Ȼߵĵ𣬡쵰𣿡
ЦЦԼϣ鷿˵ôרģҿ֪ˣʲôأ
Ļʱüͷֽ̾˿
ʲô·ҵıңҰ㶨
ûʲôֻǺܺã취ΣͻȻȥ˿ͶңΪѾûƣһǧɡ
⣿ţͣü룬ʵҲ·𣿡
ǰϺ·ϻǳƷΪ֪ʲôǺʵĻش룬ͻȻ˷ܵӦȥ𣿡
Ӧ򣿡ƺ˼ŶҼˣиӦĵطͦԶģҪǱȥҪĹģУ滨򶼿첻ԱˡȫΡ
ٺһЦ鷿˫ֻ㣬а취ҵҪǰã
ģУ㡭
ȻҪңҾҪӦȥĿӦҵĴڣֻʶһҶѣϾ⸱Ҹģͬʱһһӵá
ҪôңѾ뵽ͦͷ
쵰𡭡Ϣ˶ģ㻹Ҫʲô
ǺǣǺԺúҵĻҪʲô͸ʲôòã
áá𡭡ס죬ֲڵͷ಻ϽһǻͷͦǣͷȫûзŹʱ˱Ķ
𡭡ҡ֮СѨ鲻ѣ̲ס׿濪ڿο
Ҫٺ١һֻĿ£ݺݵһѣɫ涼ôʪˣ
쵰ߵòУ㣡
ٺһЦ¿ͷͳֱĺ촽ĦҪǸҺúһ£
һۣܾջӨˮͻȻͷһͷϿҪˮƷһ£ģ˷ܲѣԼֱͦӴĿǻ
ม˲䱻һůΧ㣬Сţ⣬Ҳģһ׽ߣţһ߿ٵǰͷŪ
ĿʱͻȻű򿪣һˣףϹҲڣϣԴӶ׺һֱҪϽԼϹȻòϲҲû취ֻӡ
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ͬҲˣԴӺ϶׺ҲûжôϾϻС϶ôô磿أȻжϣоȷʵܣûûǰĸ׽ֵز
ʣҶ͸Ϻ˽еŵɫﻹ²Ǹղڸʲô
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ʣĸŮˣϲ£εӣ֪Ϊʲôû˵Աߡ
ҶźµԼҲ֪ô˵ϾҲˣ֮ĹϵʹڣҴԼ֮ǰҲǺίϣŶ׵ɹ𣬶ԼҲˡ
Ҷε̾˿ڲŷֲֹίϣŮίˡŮŮԼҲһ
ҶͻȻòȥˣЩ±ҪŮ̹ףϾйϵġСҡҶ֪˵ݣֱ̫ܲˣҺС
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Ҷ䡱һ´סˣԭŮ֪ģΪ⼸һֱ͵͵û֪ԭԼŮӵһʧ֪ˣЦԼŮ͵͵ġ
СҶͻȻԲ𡭡
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𣿡ϵͷ˳ӣ˵ⲻǸҴҿСģΪϹרŸء
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תͷȥʱȴҶѾͷûһȴͻȻ˵һƾͿˣղһ
Ҷ˲࣬·ʲôתͷ磬Ȼܿڴſӡ羹Ȼ©ģҶˣԸղظʱŮһˡ
㡭ҡҶѿǣʱҲˣʲôһֻСְס죬𡭡֪ġ῿˵ǧ𹼸ǣһѾȫˡ
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⡭˵еǱȷʵãҪ֪ģҧҧ𡭡ȷڲҪ϶𡭡ڻСҵġ
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ĿԳԣѽˣϿһˮҲȲԣԣæѧСڹͷһɨȻ죬óԵġûʲôζ˵ʵܡ
⡭ΪˣⱾͲԺòóԵģⶫĵطζѳˡ
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ҶҪˣ͵ץסƬΣͷţһĳײžžžžһһ㣡ݺһˣҶȴԸоǸھһһɹ̵ľҺ̵ĻһҲ̲ס鴤Ĵ󿪣Ҷٴθ߳
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ȴûвϵҺ壬һ粽ͷϣãĿֺݺݵ㣬úζȻعʱѾȥˣء졭ŭĵ𣬿ٺһЦüëѹԴ
Լãֻ˳𣬿ǻ￪ʼȻߵĵ쵰ȻҪԼĻֱˣĿᣬøһͻȻеһ˿ܰȻҲٵˣҲͷø
ڴϣҺȫɾˡ
쵰ߺſػ̧ͷˡԱߵҶͬˣûôһŮһһˣŮƣʵڻƣƫƫֵֿĸоĸŮղܣָ߳ٵ˲䣬·գƮƮɡ
𣿡һ§Ҷһ§ˬڵһθ߳ʱԳ˯ȥҲûȥ
šӦ£ҶأҶͬɬӦ
𡭡ſһᣬ˵뿪ǡ
ţҰǣģһչһӵģҪǰԲ˵ʱֻһһеĹ¶磬һǿ˵磬ĴҲ˲ʵչ˺ԼŮˣ
ҶٸůſػӵĶһۣͬʱ¶΢Ц




058¡ҵı

ϹˣϿæſ˹ȥţأ
ȥˣ㣬˾ͽȥԷϵͷҿ
ٺһЦֹһСӣʵҵ϶ôˣţﲻҿң
ϹŤԥһ£Բ𡭡
ôˣö˶˵ĸʲô˵Բ𣿡ȫͷԣ˿ɫȷʵȴĪĻ
ҡϼðڶ˫ֲ֪ҡġءϹҰɡ
ԭ΢΢һЦץס˫ְ§ڻο϶ޣԣʵϹϲ϶ˣ֪𣿡
ǣǡ˰ϴ󼱣һ뵽ЩණͷǳĲ÷ǳԲ𣬹Լһʱûס
ţϹϲĵĶˣ֪ԺһҪȣ
Ҫϴһʵ벻ףΪʲôûҪȡ
ǺǣΪϹϲ϶϶¶ôƯϹȻ϶ҲǺܺúȵġһ룬촩·ǳȥԷɡ
ŶʵУΪû뵽û֣´λҪԼĶ˵ϲԼͺԼģԼҲϲѽѵҲҪĶԴҵģ֪ǽи߳Ķ
ܿٽ𲻽ִʽڿã˲ͣ͸ģɴģбصģָࡣˣͬʱһ·ۡ
ҶģأĸŮϺʱ󷢣һ׸ոõı걾۾ͱֳˣֹͬʹ֮Ӻг໥ļѾûˡ
õİ󣬵ͻȻ˺תһЩŮԽĿʼʵķװܿ죬滨򼸺˶֪µķװرŮԻӭûˣö⣬ͷǮڸֵͬºܹŮϲֵȻ𱬡˼ֵĴ㣬ܴʳȥ
ҵķֵˣȴ˿ȥˣҼУһŮƴ˻ţͷӣ㿴С˾ȻҲڻƻ򿪵ӣǵⰡҳȥļˣҪҧһڰҲܹܣҪû̵룬ô찡ء
ˣͷ̲סһŮͣס˿ֻһ˫Թ޵һֱͷӡ
ͷһСŮԼĪʮңβͣһ˫ˮĴֻۣСͷ˵𣿡
ͷӰһŮͷε̾˿Ҫ⣬ȻСʲôãôܣҵˣ
ǴҳȥģҲŲͷһҪҵⰡȻ¼ʮ˿ڻз峤Ҫ취ŮȻġ
취ͷ˫񣬡ɱưŮʲô취
ţˣŮ۾һƻԶ˵С˾ҪһǱ߰أڻƻǱ߸õ׼ڻƻ򿪵꣬ʶȤãȻŮһ˿ݶ滨ƻôԶ㲻ͣ·ҲҪһ죬֪ġ
סڣͷķŭˣô룡Ҫ֪ƻǵ̻СŪģ˲尡㣡ʵڡ
˵ô찡˵Լ˶룿˲óԷŮ
ͷһӲ࣬ѹʵ̫ˣƫƫԼ˵ص㣬еʹúڵ
ŮۣæοŮۡ
ҵС̸һ̸ˣʲôʱСһ뿪滨ٸң㲻òˣͷӺݺݵľ渾Ů
ߣŮƳͷһƬ⡭
磬ʲôôô󣡡ѾŮȫҪԼ磬ͷŴĵɵúûôĵء
Ǻǣ⵰Ժٸ㣬£Ϲϲ϶Сˡһ֣˵ˣư죬ɱҲѹ˲ٺöвţвǸߵȼļܣߣڤߣ߶УвٵҩҲ֪ʲôã𲻸ҳԡҪľָŵĽָһöĽָռָԭΪֶӦֻС˵веģû뵽ʱĳʱ𼤶ѣưöָռ䲻СʮС㹻װһЩƷ
ö˵УֻʣϣҶû̲סŪϣĻϣϹǰϸڽʱͻȻ뵽˷˵⵰ѾܶˣΪʲôûһ㶯ѵҪĸһҪϼ죿񺮣æҡҡͷרĽ̵µСŮá
⼸ûٸڽֻҪԸʱ򣬼ǵ𴲣ոéϾ˽Ҳ϶ʱͲɷ˵ѸոϵС
Ҳܹɵϣ˵ҪúðϹϹŻģһֱΪ쾭£һֱܾÿһҪ󡣲иСҪ󣬾ÿΰ󶼻Ҫ»ЦտʼûʲôϿĵģʱ䳤ˣǵõЦҲˣ˵Ц￪ʼŻɫʱҶЦͣǲŷ𲻽ʵǿ󣬶ͷԴЩ·װҲǻ֪ҲһĬˡĺǵʱȷʵѵˣҶΪԼ˶˲ѡ


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õ壬㣬ĺľǶԡһSIS001-ɫǡռݡ֧֣
http://104.194.212.19/bbs/index.php?gid=303


059¡ָ

磬ǺǡͻȻ򿪣һûнţܽⷿŵĳҶˣҲ²⵽ĸ׽ϵҹԼǷﴫɵ϶֪ʲôȻÿ쿴ĸ׿ֵЦݣҲֻĬĬףǡ
СˣţҶأûΪĽſϣϺŹͷڳݲĺ
һ죬һ𣺡ȥˣ㣬һڼ֪۸϶
ŶٺһЦСŮˣ
һ£˶ģҪ˭Ĵף
𣿡ڴϣݺݵסС죬оͷһֱѰͷ
쵰˵һ䣬ͬʱҲͷȥоһ̾ͷԼ￪ʼ˱
쵰ҿ촭ˡͨ죬۴ֱ
СÿһֻѾ鷿ף㴩ְȻָкܲ
ᣡߵ˾䣬ֱ
СҲæ϶Ū˿һʱˡ
ǰҶˡϳĿе׵߻вٿˮҲʪ˲١
쵰ôǻŪ϶𣿡һ۵ĿŮ˵϶ȥ
̹£ϲһ𣬡ôӲߣ˼£캬˽ȥֽŪͬʱСҲŹͷ
ٸĿڼԽԽˣͷ˲С
϶⿴ѽĽ㿩ѹϵСԴϡŶһſСѵĴ̼
˱һһֻ֣ĻѨİ
มСԽԽˡšͻȻһֱָƨۣһָȥһСأСû뵽ԼƨۻᱻȻֱջĸоһСָͷڸſ۶Ŀױȵġ
￪ĲѣԼ뷨ȻãǵõɽʱԼƨԼ߳ˣŮ˶У˲һ󵨳ԣȻ￪ʼЧǳԣתָͬʱ
С̫ˣ̲סҪˣһ˫ֽסͷʼһɽһɵҺ
˰ɣĵĿһ߲ĺۼָҲƨ˳
ţСԽԽˡ˼ϵСԴ϶ɾľˡС࣬ʼϵĺۼ
㣬ҪˣôãҪЦˡתȥͻȻСָҰһ¡
뵽ԼƨۿûŮûָ۽ȥϴָɻָһ£ʱһЦ𣿡
ȻֱӰǸƨ۵ָŽ˱̡ܺóԵӡ
ոٴβһÿ̬òҡ
쵰ϽԷ˲æߵ˳ȥ
ǸСæƽԼ̬磬ɾˣղ˵ʲôĿͷһʵ
Ǻöϲˣ϶극㽲Цòã
ããߣǳԷϿĵ߳˷š
ϣҶüͷ˼£ЦЦʱߣֻ˵ͷٷ
磬ԸȡҶ˸ȣҪ
磬Ը
磬Կ㡫

ұˣԣûټڣæߣʵܲˣüȥͲ˵ˣҲˣԼŮȻҲ̱ͷߣٴԼǸµġ
ҶߵٴεͷǸղʵ̫ˣöӣܵܣĻʵ»֪ǺĹϵֻ¶ǣʵǿ󣬲ȥһֱǶĻư죬һƾû˸ҶҶܸǿ˵ߣÿŮ˵룬ĽﹻʸҶĸŮ
ǺǣҸģżԷбҪ㹵ͨ¡
磬Կ⡭ϸ֪ʲô̶ҲҪŶԣ㱻ˣɼŲ˸üɫϲá
ţ϶ԣЦҶͷȴ͵øˡ




060¡ϣ

ҹԡƵ˯£ɫɴܿԼԼɫعŵأصͬɫڿΧƽ̹Сѩ׵ļټϸոԡһ˿ˮ飬һ׵ĸоһ
ӡһЦϸƣÿ𣿡
ÿС̫ˡ˵
΢΢һЦվǰǷգϲͺãⱲҲֻΪա
С§İɣ˵ⱲӶչǵģҵ
š㣬ȫοЦݣЩֵˡ
ϵһɵ𣬡СҶ϶أ
Ҫ϶ϴ裬ô¡ҲԸоı仯һӵˣǳģ֪Ϊ嶯ġ
˫ֿʼֵ󣬡СҪ㣡ͷһֱؿ˫֮䡣
šһͻȻ͵ƿæ˵ѽУɬĵͷ磬ǸǸ
ʲôÿҪ䣬ҵ찡ⲻҪ𣿽ˮ˾ǰƫƫȴܵõܵľ
Բ硭ͦҲеϾԼΪԼģȴûӵΡˣʱͻȻҺûĴڣ϶곤꣬ʱͲȱŮˡ
ңҸʲôҶһЦݣ˽۾һҶͬ˯£ǷۺɫɴһţǶ˶鷿ҬһԲҪͻصߵϸСˣɫ˯ʲôûǷۺɼ½۵гһСޱȡ
㵱ȻٺһЦҶÿҶȻʮ࣬¼ûиºۼԵøΪ졣úվһʶĻΪǽء
أ磬Һÿ𣿡ϵ˯£𣬺ʲô
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ʹʹǺö϶ʹʹ϶̲סٴϣȴǶС졣
ԱߵҶЦݣİʲô±õġ
硭ɿСʱһˮߡĿ𣬸ղ÷ǳ
Ҷ·ˡһ߰ϵĽһ߷ԸҶߵһۣͬʱ˿ԱߵŮûעҶ΢΢˿ȥϵ˯¡۾һС㻹ʲô
Ѿʼϵ·ˣȫİŪ硭ҽǸæɬ˵
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£ֻҶ֣Ҷ˺ڴɷ˵̹Ŀ·ֿ˫ȣƬܱߴŨë¶УһܿС췺ŵˮ
СĵطŶֲƬʴɼˮѨڡ
𿴡ҪˡҶ߲ѣֿ˫ȣܿĴŮŮҲͬϸҶоһ߳ܵĸоַǳ˷ܡ
ĵط𣿱ҵĻʡѾ̼ѣջ̲סͷȥϾҲ棬Լĵطôġ񿴵˷ĸо
ǺǣҶ˺öˮôǲҪˣҶˮøˡšҡ硭ҶСѨ߳ܵİ
ã㣡Ѩڣһ谭˽ȥ
ҶʱһĳͣҶúܾҶѾ˵һθ߳ǽϱŪʪһƬǳǽ塣
ִҶСѨѾĲУεǣ裬ֻ̲סһִֻԼ鷿һֻԼ١
תͷһδƽʱҵһ֣Уϲԥȥ߸ϲַȴܿ⻹ƽʱׯ
ĽϣͻȻǲˣʱŻعȴպÿһЦĿ쵰ߵ˫ˣˣˡ
Сʲôû˵ҿˣﻹˣԴҪ͵ˡ
ҶſãҶ߳ζû꣬ڲ
ٺ٣С𲻵ɬˣȻ˿ɰһ棬аһЦ̲סҪ׽Ū
ʲôҽǸΪҪæºܲģ˴Ůɼ죬մǶܲġŮҲã˺Ůԣ¼
֪ٺһЦ˴ϣȻְҶ˫ŷֿͷϡʲôŪҶǰˣɼСˮԾǸղҶ߳ĶеĻϣͨ㣬㡭ʲô
С𣿡𿪿һ˵ʱ򣿣ţȻҪԼȥ֮߳
뿴ĵط㲻úð𣿺ο㿴ôƯָſЩ̵䣬ȫϡ
Ҫ硭ҪҶڵŮͷʱͲµ˼֣ҪŮԼǵط߳ܲѡ
ûᣬһҶƨɣֱѹϣ߳ޱȣû뵽Ѿ׺˽Ҳʼˡ
Ҫ磬ſ𣿡Ҷڰ󣬿ʼղ֣ſǶҵŮˣʲô²ģҾҪమĽҲи񣬰ĸ׻ŮݸʲôֿԣֻзſأŻõ֣СҶſԡ𣿡
硭ҶȻ˵еĸ񣬡С㣡ͷһȻĿʼŪҶСѨˣһС಻ţʱʱ
Сáף˵Ļ󣬾ȷʵӦں𻶰ʱеŤģӰ˺𻶰飬Ӱ쵽˺ĸ׵Ĺϵһ˵ҲܿͨˣǾ͸һģûκαģԺӡ
Ҷ㻹ʲôҶŮһеĴ̼ŮŮĵطһȣҶ˲߳ܣͷŮ΢΢¡
Ҫҽ£࣡оͻȻԼ˽æֹ֪ʱСѨúѪζģܲšԸʱԼҶ·ûһͷȥ
޳΢΢ͷҶͬʼ
Сû򡭡
𣿡
ҧ
Ҳҧ





060¡ժҶľջ£

ԿĸŮڰˣ֮ûκμˡڼӲ״̬أֿǻŪҲ̲סܣ۾һתҶǶջ޶Ŀۺɫľջ٣ÿһСѨʱССһ£ǳɰ
϶һڿϣСԴҶƨۣ
ţϼڽˣѾȲˣɵĶҶƨСͷ
϶𡭡ҶĻٸоƨɴϵСŪ̴̼Ŀ϶ҪͷǸСŶϵͷʼءҪܲˣ
ŮСѨŮƨۣ˫ش̼Ҷܿͱˣ͵ĳ鴤룬һŨҵ˳ȥպţûȫˡ
ˣ϶ôժջҶѾſϣѾԼ˭̫ˣŮŮһ壬ҪǴȥҶĶˡûô룬ѾƨۣڸղϵĿŪ˲ٿˮһӾͼ˹ͷ
硭ʹҶ֪ƨۣæתͷһʱˣͦ壬ҪʹҶ룬ôɹ˫ֽƨɣûһ˿Ҷɵ㣬СǶŪҲеģɡ
ءʹ㡭ҶŮĿѾˣԼҲֹˣֻôҲ벻éĵطȫĵطȻŪ˲塣
ý˿Ҷƨ۾ȻĻҪգѹһСˣɵ㡭
ڿ¾ò˼飬ССƨ۶ȻǴִ뵽ԼԼʱôɵ˵ģķԸּͷҶСѨŪͬʱһ˫۾ǰҪȫû롭
ܿ죬ϲͣļӿˮ󻬵£ȫȥˣëҶƨϣͬʱѵҲϣϢô档
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ãȵҶѾʼӦĴСſʼԳͣһϾȻմЩѪ˿²ǶԵģĲҶҶѾӦܰ;ϣȻ´ξ͸Ѳˣʼ
Ҷÿһγжʹʹֱе㱻ǵܣһ飬ĸоĦָоǿƺԽͻԽ
ܸͬоҶı仯ֻѵϲϵĹȥ
ܿ죬ҶоҪˣŮСѨƨһԵĿУĴ̼Ҫˡ
ҶŮҶһ˵̵ͷСѨͬʱֻҶСѨҲֻǺжѡ
ҶͻȻҵУȴû뿪СѨøҧ
ۡҶָ߳ˣһִ˳ڸ߳ɲǽһҧСѨ٣Ҳ鴤壬ͬһ˳̲סҶƨͲ弸º˻һһɾҺҶֱ
࣡ʱɿҶγɵһߣȻ滹ڻζѸողƨ۵뵽Сһ¡
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Ըɾźɵһߣ§ϣĦɴʱҲعӣͻȻֺԼʪ͸һƬ֪Լ߳ĳĶʪʪһƬȻһЩɫҺ棬ɼ߳ʱȻһ˿µĶתͷһɵˣҶϾȻҲһɫҺ壡ߵæְҶȥҺҶ۵òۣȻҪҸȥɣͻȻĸ׵ƨ۴̺øһ
˶ָҶſݺݵķŶָ񹦣Ť⡣ˡҶղűƨۣʹһӶˣһ㲻飬۵ֱſϷ֡
ˣҲҪŤ쵰ҶѾֽ֣ŤǳֵõҶ洫ĸϵЩҺʱĸ׵ƨ۶ŲҺ壬뵽˸ղŰ龰ʱ࣬ң쵰ҷŤɣ
˻ŮۣæģΪʲôԼʦΪ徹ȻֵĸŮĶָ񹦣ѵŮ˳ʵڿ£
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Բ𰡣Сʱ̫嶯ˣȻպÿС졭æš
㲻Ƕմôණ㾹Ȼ㣬쵰˵ֺһ뵽Щ壬ߵòУ۴ֱϡ
Ҷʱ˵ʲôͬɬ˵СԲҡ
£쵰㣡Ժô˰ҶҪ¼ŮˣءȻ
СʲôҶ뿪ңҰ㣬һӣҲԼȷʵˣжæοš
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ǣҶ϶ҲǣԶҶοЦЦſڻ˵һЦҲ磬Ϲ
һˣŻ˯Ůûдţʵ̫ˣҲۻˡߵҲڣæ㡣תͷһε̾˿ǽûǽðεͷΣžž˵ͽ㶼ԸˣҪӦҺúչǣί𣿡
ͷİɣһչһӵģ
ǾллˡͷҲԼŮѾλŮˣԼλȴ׷У˱ˣ˭ԼûǰʵЦҡҡͷȥͷ˵һ뿪ˡ
֪Ϊʲôգⲻ£ΪʼϹ̣




061¡ϵ

磬ҵҪȥһ˻ƻǱȱأһ˿صضƵģҵר͹ȥæµ³ķװŶҪҪҲȥ뵽滨򵽻ƻ·Ǻܰȫе㵣ǡ
ͻˣеæ̫ˣҹҪ˶ǵ·ֵͿԿˣЦݣŽϵŮԻڴԼۣĳɾͣѾѻưⶾȥ⸽˶ʶ㣬Ҳմ⣬ǶҲǡģҾͻˡһĨɫ˵ǴʳǣҪҵܹڻʳ㣬˵̫ˣ졭İҵȴϣźܿͻʵ֣лл㡭硭Ŀû뵽Լһ¾Ȼ롣
ʳ𣿡뵽ǸʦӢ˵ĴѧԺڻʳǡ
ˣҵˣһƿתߣ̤ǿ̣Σ˵һŪңϴҲԸ⡭ͻȻһɬ
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ˣҶҪ滨ͷææģֻˣ߻ϣɰСŮһֱߴߴ˵ͣʱ޿̲
ϣͻȻ뵽ѩ裬ɰãСͶ£Ҳ֪ôˣú͸һɣȴǸԼǶ׵ĶˡѩҲ˶׵ˣϲ˭أﲻɵһᣬϻָԼãԼҪʲôǺǣûȤ
磬𣿡ϹȻһۿ˼ţô֪һ˵Լϸûκα飬ôԼ뷨
Ҳ֪㻳Ҿͻ뵽ĶдҿﻳҾ֪ȫ硭˵
ʲôһôܿ˵뷨㿴˭أæ˸뷨ǳԼѸողҶƨʱͽӡ
Ŷ֪ˣΪʲôҪŤ㣡Ǻǣ磬ôĶԣֲߣҲˣ۸վתС첻
ﾪˣǡô£ϽСıӰͻȻоÿ£Լȫ㣬ǰûһ˽
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硭أҺܡҸôﲻһܡ硭Ͻؿڣˮʡ
һܣüͷ壬Ƿܿӱ뷨Ҳôš
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Ҷչ˺϶Ҫȥ˻ƻ򣡡ߣףΪʲô϶йֻ֪ʲôѡѾʱˣУ̫Ҫӿٶȣַӳʦʵٵı֪˶ٱ
ƻ򡭡СҶ뵽Ҫƻͻſϣ




062¡֮

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ַӣָÿһ¡ÿһ˶ǳܸɾҶÿԱǳãԱǶܸϰʵˣ
æһʱѵԱ֧ȥˣֻʣڰŪܡ˲ѣʱ͵͵Ƶлһ͵͵ۿʵˡòͷԴ´ӲˮɾŮǿŮһﲻҶǷ֮붼ûУǶ֪˾֮У͵͵Ѿˣ϶ζЦ
λˣϷװſҵһЩ߽˵ͷȴ뱻һһƵڵء
ߣʲôèҲǰ˵ͷӺĶ־
־ͷüһ־ƲƲ죬˵
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סڣͷӴһʵںڴΪˣΪˣȻǼʶͷֲĿŶӲѧϰ񵹺ã־û˵ûκγ
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סڣҳǰ£ŭֻ׬ǮĹ߶ѣΪһ֮˽Ȼڹؼʱ̰ˣ顣Ȼ˵ûʣʲô¼ʮ˿ڣҰϵûУ˵Ҫбҵ⣬޻˵ҲȻȰ˵ҲҪ壬е⣬һ֧ŵģߵʱȴû߰㣬ǾȻҪҲҪڻƻ򿪵ꣿǺǣܸ޳ܵţ
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ߣΪʲôǶСôãѵ˵Ĵģһȣ
㣡Ҫ˵ͷˣСжҶõǺ£ҷҴûԲ
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߹һ˿ѪҺͻȻЦңǺǣøңҶҵĸ֪٣ȴΪһ⾹ȻҪ¶֣ҰİⱲϹˣ޸һĴ󣡣
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οһЦһֱ£ǱȽ˽ģһǳʵСӣȴ־͵͵ԼÿһαԼСһȴԼǰ
ԲˡĵֵûʲôãȻ̵壬ȻûҲ࣬ѪۿҪԶѡ




063¡Ҫȥ

һʹźſڴͷӺ־æתͷ־û˭㱻һɨ棬ǿ˲ֱӰ߷ɳȥ־̸еһŻصĲǺֱۼȫˣ˲һӾȥ
СҪźҪ۵۾Ӱʱ΢Цı۾ȫǿĵЦݣ·ǰܿһѾûźһ
С𿴵۾һǿҵʹĸмҪε򣡴򣡿˰򣡡˷һڽֵϴѰҴž۾ôûзӦ
𣡣ͷ̾ѣæȥ־˳ȥ̫£ô죡ȻҲˣˣôȥ̳滨򣡡ͷӳڳڱУӴƻ򣬸滨򡭡
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Ůżİʧ͸ղžһܲסִ
̾˿˲ˮж᲻ᵯֻδĴΪᣬɼİѾһ
һһЦԺӳӵӶȻֳԼŮˣһĻĻݡ̲סһں·ϵ˶ıʹʲô¾ȻһİǲҲҪ
ˣŮʵ̲סˣԼֻ̾һ˾ҪˣĸˣҲѰûҲûʲôˡ
ţ侲Ļӵãһһէƽܲˡô˵̾ʲôңʱĵСôߣʲôʱѣ
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죡ԱʰǨҪ죡ֵǮҪߣ㣡ͷһܽһźš
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ʲôޣϽʰߣǻŮ꣬㣬ѵҪŶ𣡡ͷӴţȫǻںޣһ̯ϣ˫һɫûС
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ȵȣأڷֲԣȫ˶ˣΪʲôûĶ־
ʣϽߣͷӺһɫ԰ףƺ뵽ʲô
ߣҪȥ𣿡ڴʱҴͻȻ򿪣һɱӰڵС




064¡

ͷˣôô׷ˣ죡ȥʩ
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ˣÿ˶ֻͬˣ׽סͷӵֱۣѪȵĳôǳ£
ҵȫ˫ͨ죬ĿЩҵˣ΢΢һЦ·𿴵顣˽ÿһһָһָ֮±ɥ
ħħ
ҲҪ
ҲʮꡭҪ
峤ϽְҪɱˣ

ͷӲϳ֣ǲңһɱһޱǿɱıָȺвͷӸܿһָ
滨ҾҪˣ°ʮ˿ڣһûӳĴţصʬ壬ŮȫУȫһָͷԽ
Ż̲סˣͷ󲻶Ż£Ǹ˸ǲһŵÿɶʪˣͷȴǻͣ
ʣŶ˭أģûʲôʹģ㿴Ƕܰ꣬𣿡΢΢һЦѪȳ澹ȻЦ
ħħ˴˻ţڴȷʵƽвٿ־塣
𣬻޶ԸеһΣŹŮӡͷ조ͨ
޶˵úãôģĶ죬ҵСŮ˰ɣ㾹Ȼ¶֣һңܶһ޴Ů֣ôΪʲôͲܣҹʲô޶ȫҪ
ŭ˻ţǶ񶾵ĸһָһָűԳ
ҪһԾһƿ˸ˣԼȴûܶ㿪ֱָӴСʱѪ

죡

ˣŹŮӰɣҡԸɱѾ˵С޷
Ǻǣ㲻úЦҪɱ㣬ôҲܲȡǣ㻹ʸ񣡡Ļ˶ʱôҲӲˡ
ħɱҰԣָʹ־ɱǼ˵ģôǼѾ˰ɣǸͻȻվָݺ棬ɱҲܻɱҰ
СңæֹˣôҲ
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һˣһ׽ס·һڿȫ¶ڼС
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ͦɷ˵ݺݵǰһҪʹûоǰϷڸɬУͻȻ϶ʹòУģǳС
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ˣɣˮֱӱŰһɻںӿͷôڵûֹ֡
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ſ죡ͦߵǰʲôŮԼŮʱˣ˵
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ꡭʱẰһ겻κ£һֱͷĶͷѾĳѪû쵽ʹһȻͷҲӡ˲Ѫ
ŮҵŮͻȻ޺סҪε壬еҶɱˣȫҶŪˣѵħҪϾɱ´ңҪɱɱҰɣŹŮɡʮꡭˡ˴ͷˡܿ츾˵ĶͷѾѪɼÿһοô
ẰһͬʱּͷﻹǾ䣺ˡ
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Լ˫ֿʼ˫մ˶˵Ѫ⻹Լ𣡡˼ҽʣ˴ȵ滨ԺҪٿǣ
˵תߣʱǸѾ޷ˡԼ˵СһˣȴǼʮ˿ڣǸǲ֪ô¾͸Լɱˡ
ʱ죬ĸ壬˵ԲСûֻɱǶ񶾸ˣѾ²ˡԭҺ𣿡ϧܻش˵˵˳




065¡С

磬㻹𣿡ϺҵͤĻ
šޱ飬Դֲ˺һֱǳҶͿιȥڶּǿűʹȥˣˣĸ׵ĸҪŬάҡüҶûڱ֮УҲû˼ȥ£ӶһһЦ
磬ѹ˺ﲻҲѹǿѹҸѹ˵˵ǵȫʲô¶Ҫ翪ĲС϶֪Լûãܸʲô϶Ŭģ
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磡ءҶô죬СѾˣΪʲôҪĥΪʲôҶһ뵽Ůڴϲܶͬһܵޡ
Բ𡭡ûչ˺СΪһ˾ȻİŮͬȥһ㣬ΪԼеΡ
Ǹļ˶𣿡ѾҶ˽⵽ʵǸˣƾŰ㺶ܸ
šҶһҲöˣȷʵǸˣСĲϵġΪСֵһȷʵѵãСѾһ˵Ҷոͣסˮ̲סʣģСжǻᾡȫļ˵ġ
ͷһ߱ϣһ߱ҶԺҾܵ˺Ҿᣡһֱûпǹз磬С࣬ҾҲʼʵͶֱϣر϶һҪŬ뵽ϵǲϰװ˷츳
磬һģôҾôϼᶨĵͷƺʵⶫһ˽⣬֪ʵܱ֤˵İȫҶͬͷûʵȷʵƣ˸㽲˵ֱͨӶɱˣ˲ʲôǱ˵
΢΢һЦֻҪԸǾͺð죬Լϴӻưѹ˲ٹڤߺ߶УҪ츳ʺֲС
ţͻȻ͵վղϸϸѡʱָﴫһĲһһö޵ˡ
ô£޵ڶж磬ǲǵĶҪˣ۾һѵҪ
꣡޵¶һѺۣȻһϲǷ˰ԼǱͷ˴ȥ˵ǿ󲻿˼顣˷ܣ˷ߣԼʵҲҪϺü۾ž޵
࣡һСԴƿǶǡ𲻸ţ¶СԴôҲԸţǷҵ
ףóСŪôļϿͷתתȥСо̫ˣϲ硭Ҫ𣿲ⲻð߶࣬һ㶼ǳ޵⣬˵Ҽ۸ܱˣƾ͵Ȼ޴棬ֻӣͨ˶ѣ߸ûĶ硭ţҶæסˣ̸о𲻻Ŀ⣬æͷҿ𱾻ôҷ̺Ҷأû뵽վɫоĿæˡ
ͷðߣǲǸˣںԼøҰȻ󽻸ԼԼߺǲں͵Ц
СˣٴοʱȻһ˿¶ʲôǣһһͻȻС˷ܵá֨֨УৡһվϣСԴĦɴա
ˣСճ˾˵ٶȣʵǲ˼顣ѽԭ񰡣ɵĲǼϾȽеûëôɵļȥˣҶȴ˵ոСɵʱûôģԲͨСС
ü˼СǷˣƾٶȾѾͨ޳ӵеģͬʱܸܵԼһСȷʵûʲôë˵Դּû
˷ˣԺͽСɣϣǷ˰ɡ̸ֻС˸֣Сƺϲ֣ͣͷĦ𣬿Ʒǳˡ
СŵϣС¶鿴Ҳû취ֻܲһվԼаҺûӳСߣȻ֪Сһ׷
Ҳܹ𣬱˸ӵޣر˵ģ˵ǶܸܵõΪ˷ֵٷաСͺǺܴ֣۾ʱṾ๾ת붫һ֣Сͬᡰ֨֨Ӧڻʲô¡޳ĵһۺҪ޶ѵһۿĶԼĸףСһǿټӵĴڣСＸ˴粽ĳ̶ȡ
ĽӴֻСȷȷʵʵǷˣԴܴ֦ᣬ֣Ϸɻٶȷǳһ˺ܿеĹ켣ֵǣСԶʲô氡˰ŵǰһԶҲû£Ҳûø¸½СҲˣҲ
СһСһǻһںڵ۾ÿһʵ¡ϺҶγ֣СҲϤȻֻСÿοֻǱ˯ţȴһġ
һС￴ҶϳڴҲ֪ڸʲô֪Ҷһֱţֱڴϲˣķ䣬СﵱȻˣʧǰ
ÿ˯ĶʹڻϧԷһ㷴ӦûУÿ뵽ҲѲֻ¡
Сﲻʲôӵģܸоܡ۾๾ࡱֱת֪ʲô
СҶƽȥѾǿʼ϶Ҳǣ츳ˣҶ̲סҪˣոյڤڣŰ°Ҫȥ϶϶ﵽڣڴ
Ҷȴ˵㣬ȴѡ·˵ҲǵģһεεŮôѡأҪѾһ켡Ļô죿ΡҲ˵ıⰡ
иոպˣ㲻֪϶Ȼ㣬ҲСѨǺǣѾͷôģôСο˭ģСеΨһκ˶޷㡭





066¡ı仯

ÿ죬𶼻˵Ž췢£ҲǷõֻǲһ˼į
֨֨֨֨СͻȻţ̧ͷȥСôˣüͷһ壬Сƺûйġ
СͻȻվͷϣϴԴʲôŭһģСַɵͷϡ߿ŭˣСﾹȻվİŮͷϣСǲǷˣҲģ
߿ȻҪˣ̧ݺݵĶССȴͻȻԻĿһоСίǵģί龧ӨƺҪһ
ֲ̧ɵ÷˵ģҲ²֣СһֱҲôһɰС߿òãСﲻΪȻίƵĿ
㵽ʲô̲סһСΪôô졣С￴ãͻȻһ׼ȷ˵Сļ
٣ΪҵķҾͲ㣡ŭСﾹȻҴǳݺݵһСϣСͬ߷һȥ﷢ҽ֨֨֨ײϣﾹȻѪɼ˺֡
ڵСôҲվﻹ֨֨ţһ˫ŵˣû뵽Сôһ԰Сˡ
Բ𡭡æСﱧġСվˣһֱ֨֨лšеʪ󣬶һԭСﾹȻˡ
ҲԣҪ֪СҪŮˣҲٴܵ˺֪ղžȻ죡ôУô죿СȴûıԹſԴϴġ
ŭСﾹȻҪͻȻеһѹߣһæתͷʱסˡ
⡭⡭Լ۾ϵͨ죬ƤѪܡǹߵѹǴϷģ
⵽׷ʲô¡˼æȥ۲죬ִСͷһȴСﳯҡͷ
˻㣿̫ˣСﾹȻ˼Сﳯҡҡͷſȥ֨֨˼˹ȥڶܸоСƺú΢
ȴ𣿡𾫹˸С뵽һջûжĿŴı仯
ʱѾþӨƺܿĸࡣһѪܺһᱡΧš
峿ܿ쵽ˣ۾û뿪СѾˣվûСС𾭹һϵ˼ı仯ƺСһйءСޱȣվ򶼵ðԴĲӴ֧š
Ҷ϶ܿõϢ̸ĻͬôҲ⾧Ө͸ڣǶǲءҲܵǽ㣬ȴֹ⣬û·̴ͷֻĬĬ챣ӣ㲻Ҫ¡
ˣȥ죬һֱû䣬𼸺û뿪䣬ԺȶǱͽҶ϶޷ٴȥˣǲǻҪϢһҪÿ춼
С۾еˣߣٺãҲܼ첻˯һ¶ûСϣʧżСȻĿӱߣʱʱĥһ¡
죬죡
硭Ϣº𣿡Ҷ۲ѣ˫Ѿ׵øƹһСɫ԰ɫҪС׷ʲô£Ȼһ᲻ģʱվúۣȻŴϵҶŤͷˮ⸱ģ۵ܣ硭
˵ٷһ˵˵һ仰ûٿ
ͻȻѹɫһأһ죬۵ĹâӱƣͲѵﾭִ̼ܵžԴˤϻ˹ȥǰ




067¡

˻΢΢۾һâ̼۾ݵʧӦ˹ߺٴۣǡ뵽ʱâȻԼʲô֪ˡ
СͻȻһѣΣصˤشϡ
𶯡𼤶ѣæתͷһû˵𶯡
𼤶ˮ𣿡ţǰ⸱òǷǻþȥһ׽סˣȻ£ǰ⸱òů
ģС㣡𲻶ϸŴƵôС
ңСֻˡͬϲᣬСݺݵıסôĵǣѹͳͳɢţڡԶߡ

ˣŵ֪ԼѾ˯졣ڳòϢȻͻȻ˯Щ֢ղ͸оͷΣһ˶Ա˴˶Ϣһºõеĸо
磬õûˮƺҪڻˡ
ҡҡͷû£û£һʲô¡ȫЦݣС뵽СԴСƺÿ춼һӣ޾
Сأеʵľ˰꣬߾ˡ֨֨Ǻǣԭͷϰһ֣С䵽С
Слл㣡Ҳô㣬ҴˣԲ𡭡ĵǸһŭ֮һƣСﵱʱ϶ίޱȣĺȴû뵽Ҫ˵Ļ϶ˣҲҺǷˡͻĴ۹ƿ϶СʱĶ̬֪Сڱú޾񣬽վòȣҪǰͷɵˡ
С֪ҾСĻҲ˵ˣԺͬǾѣСᶨ˵ȻôԺҾ뿪ߣȥĶ㡣ḧһԴСҲöӣԴһֱġ
СҰȡģԺֵܣΪ㡭СԴСƺʼһֱţܲԸֵһ
ŶˣС𶯣ҿһִϣ˼һᣬСǲѾ
ȴ΢΢һЦССлл㡭ϵСлȻŶ͵ҵһţܵ𣿡һ⡭һ죡ԼתˣôģѾʦڵת÷ǳ
ǺǡһЦɵϣСﲻһ˿Ѫ壬µľѪתҲʦʵ˿Ѫ滹̺ļ䣬ҲŮˡһ˿⣬˲תᣬС︶̫ˣڵӣҾͺھΡ
ԭȻ򣬸еСԺһᲹģϣָܹɡС֨֨˼㲻ٶˣ˯һǳƣۡ
СŵһϢſߡѾӵʦʵвɵһļƺˣʮŮһ͸ܵγˮ֪ߴﵽͬǿӲͬģһ˿Իһ꣬ȴǿԻһʮꡣʦһʦӵһͻȻõ˱˵ʡȥǰʱ䣬ͷʼĻ츳ٺҲʮ꣬ԣ˵ģʦʵʵ˲šԽԽᡣ
Խ󣬾Ϳиʱȥľ磬ľ粻һܳģû츳ͻܶ˶ᱻ⾳磬ĵ
Сֲϵĸǳ֣еԡַֻͬ·һ֮顣
ߵĵæֹҶڸո廹ûָãϢȣ𣿡ʱЦǰûϹ۸ոһеͷΡջ֡
⸱ٵͷ΢΢֪϶ܣҧҧ˵磬𼱺𣿵ˣҡҸһϲ
ϲʲôϲʦѾܾϲˡ
̡˵˾͸㣡ȥû˵ߵ˳ȥһãȻ




068¡Ͽֲ츳

Ϣ죬ڻָˡһǣԴ˯ûһֱڻ״̬ҺøԼӦüӰѾˣһ춼ܻķϣףʵΪֻҪʵȫı֤İԼŮˣͬʱΪ˱ϴ£ȫʲôزʲôزٶֱϻǺõġ
磬ˣϿԺɵÿĺ磬Ѿﵽڤ㿴ǻ˵ૼ䣬һȭͷСĻ֣һ֣
΢΢һЦһĶ߻ײļɽϣѼɽһʯ
ôôҽϰĻоôεĵۡ
ţܺãȷʵܺãٶȿ죬ǿҪϲðѾڤˡ
·ħ壿ҡҡͷϵ츳Ľʺް
Ҿ֪˵ã˷ܵı𣬡磬һúŬȻ󱣻̣硭Ƕ۸ģһܣԵ÷ǳᶨ
̾ϵСԴͬظϵĻ
磬ˣ̶ȥŶϵƤ£ĸſӹĹͷǲˣ϶𣿡ȷʵҶˣѾܶûȣֵ꣬嶯һ㡣ټϸոСĥ䣬Ѿ
š϶ŪŪɡҲ⣬ţȻСܲСѨǾ÷ǳĵġ
ϵõĻشЦĵͷ°ڣ˫һִ˲䵯˳˶Ĺͷð̣žӨҺ
磬ΪʲôôҶԲꡭСߣ˼£¶̵еңҲʼ롣ѾʲôСŮˣҶзټǵĽ̵Ͻ¾ʲôҲ˲ٷֻСѨ⣬ϼʲô
̫治ãҶ塭ϺԹ£֪СѨȷʵ̫󲻺ãǺǣ϶֪ˣŽء
ԣ𣬱ſС죬ס˹ͷ˱һ𣬿ǽĵģѾ߰˷ӰӣԹԡ㻹ˡ
ھټĵ̣ڳҲǲġѾסеشôŻϾС԰һ²ͣŪţİѹСѵͷһֱš
϶յͷ۵СרעŪӣвɵü
·ˡԺֻǾסģ±˿ԣɵĽ⿪Ĵӣһĺһ·ܿ죬һ߽С¶С𼤶ѣ˫ֳϵ˫ҸãȻĿ°˹
磬ʲôϸ֪ʲôѾ𵹹ҪͻȻϵСѨϱ̼ĴС
϶סǿűĿУһϸһǰ˶ͷ
硭ɬ˵˾䣬ץסʱϲ֪ʲôڴϰСѨͷȻԼֿ԰龰һģһֻվʽͷ£ѪҺǵͨ졣ټʱСѨô򵥣Сƨͬš
硭ҲˣˣͻȻС岻ϳ鴤ҪˣϼӴѾͷٵŪ
磡˳ҷǳĶ࣬ϼȫ
Ǻǣ϶˺öŶ˺öడʱŰϷŵϢϽߵĿһĵЦʱߵ޵ݣϻմոĶء
磡Զһ𶨾һҶ㰡ôôˣ
ҶĵۿȫˮǰʱǸģܡڿˣܲ
ô֪͵԰Ҷƽ飬һϷĿ𣬡͵ֻҪ죬ȴҪŶ
ͷҿҶȫĽôʵһζţһҶ§ڻţᣬҳǲ׳Զˡ˵겻ҶӦĶסҶĺ촽һ಻ǻﴳ
ţššҶܿͱ§ס𣬲ĦͬʱҲѹĿˮʡ
ҶʱԱߵϣ˼ɵĹȥ˱
ܿǰѾҶҶ£˫Ŵ鷿Ū˫еһ϶ɼ԰ô˶󡣸պùͷ°ͣ˼κҶɴͷۡ
ŶҶӺˡϲҶԼ齻ˣҲֻʱҶһ𣬡Ǳģÿζôץ˵̺ͨͨȵؿĦңÿץ鷿ץһ
ǺǣãԺҪĦòã
ҶɬƳ𣬱ͷǶĹͷ
϶ҶǰʱϵȻں档ֻǽСԴһֱƨм䣬˫ֲͣİƬ⣬ͷƨۡϸˣ۵š




069¡Ѻ

Ůĵķٸ㣬ȻͦǵܣһůСѨҶشȥҶ̲סˣҪСѨ˵ҶȥˡҶô³Ļʱ࣬ͷ̧ͷ
ҶſţŻԲƨɣƨСѨȫ¶УƬʺмС췺ˡ
ٺ٣Ȳˣ㿴˺öˮŶָС죬Щˮʪ͸ָ
ӡҪ˵ˡҶߵͷڴ̧ͷҡ硭ŤŤƨɣƺڿ
ǺǣãŪȥͷ׼ȷĶ׼С죬ꡱһȫȥˡ
ˡôһӽȥˡˡҶͷһУȻĴִ壬ôһ²ȥеܲ˵ģһֱײӹһ
㡭硭Ҷʼĳдؿڴ鷿ĵһǰڶ
ˬ̾һöûڿԺúˡ
ԱߵϿÿοܣϾԼСѨҲܣټҶŵУʶָԼСѨʲôʱ尡Ŀţ̲סСָͷСѨ
һᣬͻȻоͷһʪȣټҶ壬ˣ΢΢һЦˬô͸߳ˣҶѾ˲֪죬Һ꣬ͼѣԸ߳Ҳúܿ졣
ûжĵȴҶ߳ζҶƨ۾ȻŸ߳ĽҲ΢΢䶯ȥǳɰ̲סָ˽ȥŪ
硭Ҷƨ;ĲժһֲָʲôټСѨиִǾͲһˣ˫ش̼Ҷ̲ס
ҶôУָһƨۺֳ˳ȻְĲͷǸƨ۵ָ׼ȷĲҶ
Ҷǵͨ죬쵽ǰʱŵǹζȻָֿԼָܸܵڿǻԼͷҶһˣϲԼҲˣôôɡͨһҶ촽˱ͷ
Ҷá̾˵һͬʱʼڶҶһߺָһĳײ
ŪһҶ󣬾ԱߵСƺе䣬һδƨ۰γָʱԱߣ϶̵ζϷӦѾָϵСˡ
üͷ壬ܿӦָиɾˣ̲סһ𣬡硭ֲŤ㣬ˣָüͷСԹţˡǻˣ
һЦһϵС̱ǣȻȥͷ˱С촽ܿϾˣС΢΢һű㱻룬ͷĿǻĴҴͬʱİγֵҶľջϡҶҪʲôס׼ԼƨۣȻβ
֪೤ʱ䣬ҶСһֱزţʱѾһƬǽ塣ʵ̲סˣһͺ󣬹̵ľҺȫҶСѨ̵һȣһٴθ߳ˡ
ˡҶߵһ䣬ղҪǿͨŮӣȻ޷һֱγĳײҲ㣬ʱȫǸ߳ϡ
ȻСҲĿһˣСС͵رУúܳʱȥˡ
Ҷ϶𣿡Ҷػɬͷ
ûһᣬѾˣ磬ָˣ
ţɷǿ׳úܣվҶʱһػǿѾñӹԼ˵ŮһͬŮССֻеģǻûŵԹʱۿĵزҲС
ĺСټϿǹŨҵζ˶֪ʲôԸղѾҶһȻҵɷǿ׳ߵĿϵϢϢİޱȡ
Ƶĵ㣬ٿѩ׵Ĳ۵ĶոճִС㲻˵˸Ҿϲģһ߹˵ţһḧС
ϲšССѾ˵ģƿȻվǰ΢΢һЦһǳ־ŮټһЦ紺紵˰ٻֱöҡ΢Цһֱֿʼϵ·ܿ䣬¶漸ƽģһϲװɫ£ؼܿŵ޺죬˵ǲλһɫرԣϸܿڿ΢΢ȥĹճ
С࡭̲ס¿ˮÿοܸܵͬջһٱŮһʱŸֲͬķ顣




070¡ϲ

˫ѾʼµĹѾ¶ĿƺϾȥȴȻ΢Цţ˵ȱ𼱣װˣҪúð㡭һƵڴȻĶͷʼǣһȵСıӣգ䣬°ͣһ·£ÿһ缡ˡ
ԱߵҶϿǴûϸĵķרĵɱֳİѾɲĵزûмȥ֪ʱֻһ˵ġοոѾ㣬߳дء
Сո̧˫§ȴֱѹźã𶯣ҵˡʼմЦݣ𲻿ɿܣ𶯣ʼĲˣܾ顣
ͷӼ£Ȼǣʱ΢΢ֱ̧ۣͷҸҸ³˺ܶëȴһ㲻ˣС˳ҸǸжĵطŪ˷ܣ忪ʼ΢΢
ϸĸܵˣ㲻Ҹ£ֱȻֱָָ˱ȫʪ͸ķȻһߣŪ
֪ʲôˣԼÿһ
Ȼһֱ£ֱϸʳ´Ⱥʼеˣ¾ǽˡ
Ȼȴûô࣬ûͣٹСȺֱĽűȻ캬ס˽ֺ໹ͣ촽˱ÿһֺֻûзŹֱѾͽûаԥ˼ôȻһ㶼࣬ӳ
ֱ˫ŶˣվϹЦݡ
Се㹣ʱİôµһˡ
磬⻹Ǿϲϲ˵Ľ⿪أ鱩¶ڿУ޺罿۵Ļһ΢΢̲ͦס˼¡ڿһصǵشĳǰ
硭㿴ͻȻߵĿͷ󵨵ǣȻôָ翪ԼƬô˵Сǰ
ϼҪѪôܴ߳󵨵Ķǵһأµ˲ŵ飬֪һжֵˡ
⣡ôᡭȷʵţʲôСѨﾹȻСĤûȷǴŮĤ
硭ҵ屻Ҳָϲ𣿡㶵ĵͷû뵽˵ľѪȻܰ»ָʵǲ˼顣
ôõĶǰ𲻿޶ԣͻȻ˫һƨɣѹԼϣ硭ʱͷ³çɨѨȴûȥ̽ȸоͷ谭ʱӲˣ˼ֳÿζǲĤǾͳܿСѨˮʣ춼ʪˡ
Ժ̲סˣһ춼ǡ
šóԡһһ¶ǣɨɸɾߴĿΪԼ￪Ĳѣȫɫ
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š˵ͷõӦɣһꡱһǲĴŮĤ
˿ϣ۽ǹŵ顣
СǴŮȶʪȣŵ̲סҪеˡ
硭ҡڰԼĽˡһűƹϵʹһ˵
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һʼĳǽϴɫˮ䣬ѿµĴʪˡ
硭硭İڶԴյĿУͬҲв٣˶ĹͷÿһγĹֱڣ̼С˫ܸһ㡣
öõʱ䣬ӭ˵ڶࣸ߳⻹ûнȻڹ壬硭áûôܵ߳ζֽ׼ӭһָ߳ĵ
硭ҡˡĲˣθ߳ˣѾʹ
ţͷһȻԭ۵ʱѾúޱȣҿǿ鴲ƶŤˮˡмһСƬɫõţǺÿ
Σ𲻿ټȥˣȥɻ˺òĿתҶҶͬղҲǱܲ˰
ҶĿ⿴ҧҧ˵硭ҿԵġȴڰ֣Աһŵϡ硭㣡ҶһѵҪϣϲʮꡭ
硭϶Ҫ㡭ҪϣﵣǲѣԼӦˣοôС͵Ӧ𡭡뵽ɫɵе԰ס
ǺǣҶӣģһû׼϶أôСĵԵġһûҪĴ㣬ʱйˣҪ»ڴ
϶ȼнˣ̼н˫ȣȴСȼ䣬Ŷ̲סԭϵƬС˫ȵļѹĦУȻһ߲ͣһϸϸšϻǵһα棬һֱʹȣ̼òаţ硭֡϶Ҫˡ
СС͵ﾭĦܿһƬհףƺҪˣ̲סˡ硭ءƴŤܿͣ鴤ˡˡ˵һ䣬ˮһ
죡죡һֱԿţϳµҶһѰסԴѹ˿£Ҷǹ˵Ȼ֪ڵ˲մŮŮҺæ˺ҪˣݺݵĲ˼£һһҶԴһǿľҺֱ䵽ĺ࡭࡭Ҷſ侫ûһ˿˷ȫȥ




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ҵԽԽ󣬲öãڸ˼ҷֵꡣŲöãϷװܿʳǣʱʳҲһҵĴ졣뵽⣬ȫЦݣ֪һжģ
ǵõһθʱΪһ˵Ĺ¶һƽߡƫƫⲻ۵кϧľԼǰΪԼϧȥյɽǳİԼɱˣǸԶĶɱˣһӢһҴҴԼĵס
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㣬ڸʲôɻһ䣬ԶͿվǣɫ仯ͣһɵЦһüĵǡ
㰡ôˣ˼Ͼڵܵǰ¶СŮ̬ɲáţһˣ㣬ղʲô
ʲôʲôƤǰɣҹˣװתע⡣Ȼæڰ֣ĸҰ㣬ⲻǵ𣿡ӣæԶ˼
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㣬ʱܰϷװʳǰ㲻ɵùʵʳǡ΢Цһᣬˡ㣬ϷʵܵܣҲСˣҲȢһˣҵҲҪŴȥģһֱλʱ϶Ằˡ
εĿЦ㣬㲻ȻԺл֮λֻ
ˣ֪֪¾һжˣԽǺãͻȻһܣĺôΪʲôĿҵĿ𣿡
㿴ſధһ㣬ҽʳ˵ɣ١ҴӦ㣬ϷװʳǺһᾡȢޡ˵꣬ԳЦЦ㣬֪ʵĽ㣬ûдС֣֮áתߣһ¼ŵӰ
ܵܡ૽е˵ò檵ĵλǲɱȵģ湫£ۻᣬһ㶼Ӳܳ棬Ȩָʹ£ɷ򲻵ҹ檵ķҹȵһж˵һͥҪǰλλİŮˣȢ޶ǰѵһλȢΪޣһֱڵȡҲֻ˲ŲЩطϣ˵檷ҹˣŮţϲһͬߡ
硭ܰЦЦ㣬һҸĸоӿͷİѣⱲעҵİˣԶܲˣҰ㣬Ժ󻹻᲻Զ㣬ֱĵϣ
Ҳǡֱĵϡ
ǻʳΧǽ߰ôȥģף䰡¥湻ŵ䰡һһ̾Щʮһӽһ˶εķۣͳͳʮԶûйϵһ㡣ʵǲִ֪ʲôΰûֻƹŴһͽñȽϡˡ
ˣҪҸӣȻסͷطһؾһͷȴȥסɣȵģ˰Щ￴ܺãҪڻʳǴҪ㲻κδ⣡С㡭̷񣬽
ȵȣСԼҲ£ǸҡһЦи⡣
ѣɻĿʶʼû˵ڻʳǰǺðɣ磬Ҫæ˾͵ҷǾˣʱŵؾǡ
ţ֪æȥȥͻء˰ڰ֣ʧȺˡ
ˣҸϽԼ°ɡҶŻӰ΢΢ҡͷЦЦ




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ǴѧԺ𣿡СûлػĥĲӡСɫָ˲٣ɲճʱ𾭹֪ѧԺʳм䡣
ǻ֮½ѧԺſ䶨ڵΪҪ֪һΪ˶ĸ˭˿ŵġʵ֪Щѧֵֻѡ
ǰѯʣͻȻһɧĪţٸҾ㣡
ţ𶨾һĽ£ȹ¶ĴȣųԸжֻ𱬣ⲻӢ˭
СӢҺò׸İѧȡһҪ֪˵ϻһʦ᲻ÿ˶еŶӢһӣ΢΢ΣһЦĿӢ
ӢͻȻЦĪһΪӢϢܸءӢЦȴһֱûˣӢɿܵǰף²㳤˲
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ʲôĪʱŷӢ֪ʲôʱѾܵһǰǸ꿪ɫ̳˭ѧԺſڲ߿
ĪʲôѣӢŭĵĪţȫɫ
ⲻǲ֪ôѧĪŴ˸
Ҫܣߣл˵˵Ӣ󷽷ˡ
Īϸֳһ˿׷Ӣôûûء
ȫ֪ô£ɵıӢһƼҡϰƿƣŪ⣡Ҫ죡ӢһȻֵǰ
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Ӣһ㶼ڰ˼СߣȻһץһһƿ๾ࡱš
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ðɡӲͷƤҲѧӢץ飬ʳʵѾڲѣνǲе㲻ԾȻӢȷʵǸŮԸޱȣǣƵŮھǹտھᡣڿԷӣôôӰǸ³⣬־ƣԼôΪפʳǣλصѰæõ㣬˿ӢѵǴѧԺʦ𣿡
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ˡҲˡе顣Ҿ֪Ȼûʧˣʲô֣
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ʮ﷢ëܳʵĻشԽԽӢ϶һ
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ˣҺæӢӢôߣõĵ鹾һתͻȻӢ޺ءôô𣿣Բ㲻ҪңѾĺˡ
ˤһ󺰣Ƽ˶ˣʱȫ˹׷ţеŮĶУɷ
㿴СӣȻ޲˶
Ů޶ӶеˣٹùƶҪˣеһԺ˭չ
ǰÿŮˣΪСӳòû뵽ôڡ
к˻ҪߣŮҲ
ڵ˰

ʱͷֱðߣĸİݺݵĵӢȴӢͻȻͷ³ɰͷ΢΢СǸղųԱ˲ģеŮ˰εҡҡͷͶðɣҲˣҸط˵˵ɣ
ֻӢٵ߳˾Ƽҡ
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ѧѧԺȥвУԲУӢĻæҡͷ
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Ӣæ˵ȱܾ֪»鷳㣬һܶôİ
ôҲȱǮ۹˸
СӢƲƲ죬Ǯ˵һöûУô㡣ƺ˼ı飬Ӣʱ¶˵ЦݣֻͻȻһ紵һ̲סһӡ
ôĺöŶҪӦҵĻҾͰѰΨһһŶӢͷСǣӢȴûȻջ𣬡õĹھЩƷŶѧУвٽлŶ
ǵһ˵֣ﲻɵе
㲻֪Ӣôģһţϻ˲֪ʲôģ
εͷЦЦʵҴСһʦɽûʦԸɽԡֻýںһ£û뵽ӢȻˣŶԭûϵҸ㽲
ʵ֪绹зǳСɽˣɣɽŮžһ
Զʱһǿ˴ģ˵ǵһﵽˣ֮ʮ㣬ÿһ涼зǳŨԪأһ൱ʮңҵڶͻȵһԪŨһԴƣԵĵڶȵһѽ룬ѹһǱܵı׼һǶΪˣڶǿڣԴƣŲڴڣܣɽֻǵָ֮䣬ʮʷû˽ȥ˵ʮĻǼĴڣ治ֻǹӦͬвٱһжԵõ֮½ĴʳǶһ
Ϸϰִ˼ά磬˵беĶˣûһأ˵ˡаѺûȣرСǰѵܿˡ
ӢϿʼݣŷۼջţӦҵǰҰѰøȥһһŶбõùھлȥѧϰŶɲһܽȥģǲһŶܽѧԱλǣһкܶԴŶʳǵĳ˼ѧԱҪޱȣӢ˸Ϻһ
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ãҴӦ㣡м
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˻Ӣ˿صĹʦû뵽Ȼʦ۷壬ϴθֻоҲֻ漰ʦŶѣû뵽̶̼²Ȼʦ۷ˡ
ӢѾʮˣСͿʼԴûȱԼ츳ѾǷǳˡǵ˵ֻҪԼŬȥʮ꣬ԼﵽڡΪӢﻹմմϲȹ̥ʮͷѾһΪＫȲģԼŵĻʲôħ
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Ӣ֪ͨʦǿҲﵽʦ׼Ļ᲻Ѫأ
ӢǺ£ΪȥھֱȡҲҺõԼ۹ûѧԺһѧԱǺεҫӢžЦţҪ
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ʲôϷװˣ̫ˣԺҿԸҪЩƯˣ˲𰡣ЩôᱡƯޱȣôģǸ۵·ƯӢ˫۷Ź⣬УҲӦһҪҺÿ£ۣһֱûۣ봩Ͽ
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ӢþûػգŴۿ˿ֻͣĿԼؿڡ
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ȥӰӢŷཱུţĸСɫǣʮͻᶢŮ˿쵰ɫߣ

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Īķ˸ؿڼٵĴ𣬡СԹԣһ¡Ůԣſ£Һ塣
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ĪүǸѾˣһСģոսʳǣϷװˡһߵͷ˵ţһŴϵŮһֱڰ˵ſϧΡ
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ԴѧԺܺ棬ϾʼһֱԼģһѧУͲ̽ȥоһõӢĳƺͶѧԺ
ҷװͷܿͶˣΪ˸лӢİæҪӢԶٷܿ˻ʳľƵ꣬
Ǹӣﲻðɣ㽫һپˣ˷ǮοǸյʳǣҪڻʳӢɵȰ˵䣬ɲһľƵ꣬ܽѵĶǷǸȹˣѰɣɲ֪ΪԼȴƷˡ
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ʵҲ֪Ӣ⣬ԴӢҵæͷʱһ˽ͷΪʲôأΪӢˣȻֻ˵ӢԼһѣȴˣӢһʮഺòŮôһʮѣеƺű˼ӢΪ˲ˬֱӣ٣ŤһˬʵŮǸ˶ϲοأ϶ϵһ㣬žԷֻӢõѣȻеʲôĻԺƾڵĹϵܸõǢͥŻ
û˶һģֻΪ˺ļҽ㡣֪˼ĻƾͲˡӢһŮå
ӢһᣬҲƴǣȻƷһѣԼֺαŤһЦǺðɣӵ飬ǽȥԶٺõģ
΢΢һЦΪͬʱҲύӢѡ
Ǹſڣһг𣬡һȺ°ӣװô
ԭǸԱ߾ļеһ޵Ů˵ڵģɫǳмˡ
˵ʲôĪң˵һΣﲻƤˣӢŭָ˵ŮŮȴƲƲ첻˵Աߵһȴˣѣֻ˵һѣҵ˰ɡǳƽκα顣
ӢȴһΪ͸лһĪѹ
磬߰ɣǲøЩһʶĪȫЦ⣬ӢԱƺܿġ
šתͷӢתͷ˲ȴһ£ղûϸԭӢòŮӣһֵӵϢվǾһʥİٺϣַ
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Ŷߡʧ˽ȥʱʱͷ




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߰ɣЩνˣǳԷȥۣѾܾûԷˣҿɼǵе˷ǳóԵģӢƺ˸ղŵĲ죬ȫǿˮ
΢΢һЦûѸղŵ·ϣˣʲôµġãӢĳԣԷǮһǸġ
ʱŷ֣ԼԶǸղſںӢĪһ
üͷĿһֱԼܲ˼ԼԼѣû˵߶֣Ҳȥ˰ɡ
ԱߵĪȴģһֱǸŮʱܲʼɳ޵ɫ
ۣ㣡ǺǣҪԿӢòӢ㣬ôˣУҲˣԱߵϿӢȻֱӿ㣬ҲˣۿٲϾûˣһ̸Ӣ
ιСѾͷôСôܳô࣡һᣬӢϣϳ죬С켸ȥ̾ûˣżһ顣
ٺ٣Ӣ㣬ٸ˵˵ɣţóԣϵͷӢһڣŸ㲻СŮˡ
Ҷûж֣һһСɵЦˣҪˣпԵ㰡㣬϶Ե϶ǡ
Զŵһµһֱû뿪ղǹϵ΢Цѣ񴺷ӹͷһů͵ᡣ
ĪﶾɫΪŨˣʲôúܣԼ컹һ£ǱĿȴûͣһ£ߣɧѾʼôŪ
ӣһȺ˳˵㣬˳Ե𣿿žͲ˵һˣ˵һĪСɸոպĺö˶ˣ˿˵˭̰ѸոյĶҪˡ
㣡ĪңӢݺһվֱðӢ˼ԭǰ˵˺óԲŵĵģڿӢԼʡǮ΢΢һЦӢ
ϰ˿ӢʱƽˣһšͼˣĪǲӢͬǲ𰡡
Ӣ㣬ӢҡҡͷʾҪ嶯Ӣһ¾ȫǷŭɫ
ĪҲÿӢûзʣ۹⻹ͣʱǲװģһССҵҲפʳǣ㵱ʳҰǺǡղźϷװɡ
ĪңӢ˳ֳһӣһֻ˹ȥֱĪԴĪȴ˿ţȻĪֱӱǸ׽סѣ˵䲻ɱְɡ׽סƽ棬·һ΢СһӢе
ӢѾȻѣղһּʮ꾹Ȼһץץסˣɼʵǿ
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ţ֪ˣϽϲ˰ɡͷϰϲȥˡ
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㣡ӢţȻʦƣһòᣡ
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Уƹϰ庰һһƹܵϰߡܶ˶п֪ʲôܿ˵鶼˳ǿȻǵֵһǧҵϷŵ˻ƹǰԣɰСƹƹ˼£ƺ㣬ܲĳ
ʲô˼Ī̲סˣʲô˼ѸһĲ˾Ȼԣ
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ˣеЦղĪһ˵˳Ե𣿿ֱӸĪңڳԵǵ˲Ų˳ԵģǸԵġ
Ҫɱ㣡Ḭ̄γֱָüͷûһ£˵һãȻвңô۸𣡡
ˣãȥɣ˵
Ǳ磬㿴ǡĪҲİȴᣬǳĿֳˣֱĪͷҲأ˳ȥ
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ŶŮᣬһһ֪ǻŮˣˣƲС졣
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𼸺һȦѧԺѾѧԺ˴µ˽⣬ĴѧԺ֮һﲻʩȫ羰һǳľʵѧϰõط
תһȦ׼ǰͼңԼҪҵ϶С
ɾһСԺſʱ洫һ󵭵Ļ㣬ĿԺǣ΢΢üոմ߹ʱûСԺӰ
ҪҪȥһỹǾȥ⻨ȷʵеˡ
һ̤ſڣͻȻһ£תͷ򱳺գɫ̱þ⣡ôܣɫóԺﾹȻԺľɫͬ죬̫Ʊ󣬶Ժȴģ
ðһ˿亹˼ҪҪ߽Ժӡ
кĵģҲ⣬ҧҧôƯԺͲŻʲôΣյ¡˲ӡ
ʲôвԴʲôŽ˼֪ˣԺӾǡﻨ㣬ٻ쳣¡˿ƯľסѧԺȻľס˭סأסľһˣ뵽
Զƺˣһ»ǰȥϾܾĵ̣ԼѾð룬кʵе㲻˼
߽ʱŷɫ۵˾ȻһλŮӣȶ˵ıӰѾںڸ̵ĳ΢ҡҷȹ綯˶˶죬ƾʣ϶ǸŮ
Ǹã˼ֻǺ棬ô̲ס˽ĵطɣǶԲ𰡣ˡϿҵ˵ǵһȴŮ˻ͷҲ˵
üͷһ壬ŮӰɣι̲סٺһȻûзӦ
ٿǰʱŮ˵ˣˡȴǷǳƺеճԣָоǳࡣ
΢΢üʲôˣڵԼһ˼Ҳ֪ĵطԲߡ
ȵȡŮת䣡˲հף⻹ŮӰɣʲôƯʲôŽò־֮Ҳκβ覴õĵطͷë롣
࡭Ǵòһڿˮ㡭㡭˵ʼ
ǡŮ̲סһЦʱúеˣһЦðٻͷһЦ㡣
ŮֻӦУʱѾҲˣɷϣ֪ԼİҲȲŮ
ÿ𣿡Ůһʡáá࡭Ѿ¿ˮ
š˵ÿˡŮϾȻһ˿Σˡ
ɵϡŮһЦɵĽѧԺһƮУȺŮٴ𣬡߰ɣԺټġֻŮһ֣ǰ˲仯ŮˣľɫˣԺҲˡ
⣡ǲΣȴһƣӢһӢͭơ
ֱͼ㣬ҪϡһͻȻһģɰŮģ
Ƭ̣ѾƽˣƺʶңҡҡͷĴûʶôƯŮˡΪʲôôƯŮҪԼأеĽƣ˦˦ͷǲˣ뵽ԼѧԺĿĺͼȥ
ߺһƬݵͻȻǸŮʱŮȫεĿ⣬۾һֱңȥıӰڵȵˣ𣿡ૣƺ




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ҪߵͼˣͻȻԶһŮ˵ǸŮ˵ĵϸûУڻʳǸĪҵ˶к³ӢҲУ
ӢµԷ˵Ļ󣬲ɵӢ첻ȥͷôŮƺӢܳޡ
С㣬ǲˣұһССҵ壬ûһ˿̨ͱʱơаƽ˵ƺҿһ
ʲôң׹һȻйأҿӺ˻ҡĪңߣȻˣǾ˳ǣһݣҶǲǾľһͷеǣϴȥѾڲѣƵ鷢Īҽ˵ãǰʲôʱҳѽĪ῿ڰϣһֻС
ɫһоãͬĪؿЦС𼱣ҸһȣӢǸŮְ߲˵갢۹˸
и磿ͣ£֪Ĵ˭ȻǾͲܶˣҪС
ߣֻĪͻȻ˦˰صĴ֣СƲͷ
ôˣɻʵǲҲǸˣ᲻ɱ𣿡Īһ˿
ôأֻϲС㰡ҷģˡ
ңĪȴûᣬŭǸŮɱҰɣûõĶ˵ȻƲ°ֱˡ
ңңĪûлͷҲɥ뿪ˡ
ʱ˳üͷĪӦþѧˣһͼݡ£ΪҲѧԺеǻĪ֡
Īһص䣬ðЩƿƿһͨﻹţҵļŮˣȻ׽ŪңҲùģ
ûõķߣϴңٵһɣһᣬĪҺҲˣڴôأʲҵҶ򲻹ˣүүĪ˷ܲѣүүֲ̫㡭Ī˼һ£¶ģүүˣֻҪҾͲŸ㲻ٺ٣ˣҰ׽סˣҪù㣡ұĪҿĵЦš
ͼݺܴ󣬷ֳ㣬һ㶼ûʲôõĶķ˼һЩܶѣȽȫϵСֻ˼ʵսõġ
Ĳſʱȴ
ѧܽĲ㡣һʦһʦɼĲԸΪҪ
Ǻãҵơò˵ӹһʱ㵣񲻶ɨšûɣλŮ͵İ׽Ū˵İ
ϡİƽƲǼٵģֻ벻ͨΪʲôƻϡ
ʱһ֣
ǳ¹ӣ
Ȼǳ¹ӣ
¹ͼˣҺýǰȻôܼ¹Ӱ

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ƲƲ죬ֹһԭǸСѡȥνĳ¹ʱһг𣬡ιÿų¹ӵ·
ţȥͣʲô¥ϵ𣡸Ͻÿ˷Ҽҹʱ䣡ǳ¹ߵһ֣ţһм
Сģ˵һ͸ҹȥû˵ǳ¹ӵȺǳ˶ǴѧԺѧҪΪԼǳ¼ҵ˾Ͱѱ˿ͣԺҪ͹¼Ұɣ¼ҲҪûʵˣ
¹Ǻˡ
¹ӹȻдؽ󰡡
̧ӣҪ¹ӵŮ˾ͺˣĺȥҰ
Ů¹檶񣬻¹ŮˣŮū㻹࡭
ŮūŮūеŮūʸûУ˵ң

һһ̾¹ӲΪǿƷºõͬʱȴһЦΪ˵ﻹ¹ʲôϷ
򵥰ʮͻװų¹΢ЦĽ˵ʱ΢΢ҡҡͷΪ˵ûйЩ棬㲻ᣬŤͷȥˡ
ף¥ػû
ôܣѵҲѧУĺѧԱ
ûɰѧԱͳ¹ôҴû
ԭǺѧԱֲøӳ¹ӡ
֪ںѧԱڼûеһĿԣ

Χ˷׷ۣ¹΢ЦҲȥ¥תһ̣¹ֳ̳һѧԺﻹûԹôġ




078

¥ͼܶ࣬ҲΪ£ȥ͸оĿԼвûɱüͷһ壬εɢʦڵƣֱĸоܲϸһǼ鼮ļ꣬ǿϵʱ̳Ŀ⣬ͷ飬ûĴһ
һȺꡣֹһȺȴһλŮΨһûжĿģһ˫ˮĴۣСûһ˿ѪɫԵúܲ԰ףһֲ̬˿̲סúúǻ
΢΢һЦСŮ̵ĵͷٿСԴŵķҳ
ϣ֪ĶɡûԼʼ鼮
¹ӴʱҲˣƲ֮ɫԵøΪŨˣʶ̧ٵУߡûһ㿪ʼ鿴ԼҪ鼮
ʱúÿ죬һΪԡŻȥεҡҡͷôݾȻûҪ֪Ķڲ֪ڷʮΣգһԣһԣȫ˵ģôܹԼڣټԼĴڣԼ̥
ѽһа˻ԭŻϺһֱû֣ܺŮպҲⱾ飬ȴû뵽ôҲһʹ򻬣ˤ
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һ룬Ѿˣȥɣ㡭Դ̸оһǿڷҿôȥƺӲˣаƵ˼ϲȥŮǲǵϷң԰ʲôõϷģҪʲôûʲôΪʲôҰóƿһ
ơˣһЩؿϷѵŽƿ㣬Ȼһӽ¶һ϶ٺ٣ԭԿװŮУԺĵλͰܿ˽ȥʧ¥ݼ䡭
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̾˿ȻѾ˴ʱԼĴãʾ˷а취ģ˽ȭͷ




079

һƻԻ͵¥һſֻʨ֪Ǹ˼ҡȻſڶһƣĪʳǵĳ˵ķӣĪ
Īܴһװŵ鷿һɫۣŰɫ۵ŽĻʳ﷢С񡭡
үүţͻȻű򿪣һഺõСŮ˽ֻСŮһſߣţүүұ۸ˣҪΪ
ŮĪң΢΢һЦһ֣Ƿ̹غˡƿΪɼΪ֮
ұޣүүô£үүͷһ˵ţһ߰ĸĪ۵
ϷװǸϷװ¼ŮˣĪС죬۾ͨĿˣǹءҲˣ
ʲôһŭһӣӡߣϷװɫﲻ˼ŽϷװ¡
ȥʲô
ಣһһӵȥˡ
ұˣүүѾȥˣүү̻ģһֱĪҵɷϣĪȷʵòʮͣƤ۵ģˮ飬Ҳر󣬶ҿزҲһЩС
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ǺǡЦһ£Īˮģɵͷһȣңүүþû˰ɡ
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үүᣡ˺ܾãĪҲ˻ǺǣҵС𡭡үүϲ
ˣүүүүߡĪŤͷ˵ţǴ۾ʼ죬ƺϾҪᡣ
˼æұްôˣ
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˿ĪǼɰŮ壬ഺòһжǣҡǸүүŪŪ˸оԼѪҺڷڣڷ
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ĪǸţƽʱѿүү֪үүʳǵĳȨ죬뵽ܰүүԼߡȻ˿ϣĪȴû룬ȴ뵽ǣֻҪˣƿأ
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үүĪҵԴߺ˵˵ŪŪʲô˼ΪǾ£ĪļǵĵһξԼʮոˡ
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Ҳ̲סԼŮԼִ̼лʳŮ˸ԼŪҲеġ
˵Ī۽һ˿âүүҰϴϴ˵ĪſС죬ĺסɢɧζĹͷﲻСŪ
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šƺѾ嵽Īҵĺ޷ֻвſˮ
ȿȡȿȡүү˼Ҷ޷ˣĪ̲ס³ðˡģ˵ѪҺƺ˼֡
ᡭĪҲ쵽ˣе˼֣˰ۺͼͷһһŪǶͰ͵ѵҲŽ棬ҶĴȸҲһһºۼ
Ů˲̾ԼͻܵõŮϸĵİ⣬ʵҸﰵľԼŮܵίǸʲôƨұ군
ƺо˵˼ĪŪʱરડ˵ѵͻȻĪҷֿ˵ĴȣСѾ˵Ļ
ҡһ톪ǷǳеĵطԱ߾ǸˡȻĪͷò»ֱ˵ĸˣȫ˸Ͱͣģζ˽ûϴ衭
ҡѾңһʹûַܹΪŮΪԼŪѾĵˣû뵽ȴԼŮԼǸطǼȫĵطˣĪƺûκβʣͷꡭ
ңҡѾ룬ϸ񶼻Ծ·˲١һжǰŮġ
ĪҵŬ£ѹֲסڵһŨ㰵ľҺĪҵУĪҲ˵עһһڵľһϸĵϲĺۼ
Īһ䷿ĪһŮѧսţһû𣿡Īһ߳ŮѧСѨһˡ
үû˹Ļشš
ͷŮˣͷŮˡĪƺ׽ſµŮѧƨһͳ͡
ΣðŮѧûĪŵĸܣĪںŮˡʱƺ־ã




080

⼸ջ񼫴ѧԺͼݹȻѧϰĺõطսҲΪʲôӢѾʦĲһˣԭǰԪسעڣʹǿͻ̤նȥҲҶˣΪҲǲȡġ
һӭһ£λµǰͬѧӢվ̨ϣ̨¼ʮ˫Ŀⶢе㲻˼𲻴ҵģӢ˵Уͬѧʶ㣬ȥܶͬѧ᲻Ը⣬ϾڴѧԺѧĸ򵥣еıվˡֻӲͷƤٵһѧ
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ǰɡӢһָһλãһףǲͼ¥Ů𣿡Ůӡ飬ܺߡԭӢѧ
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Ů˫ֽ׽ϥǣԴؿˣ԰׵ɫȻһΡŮͷšСӡ
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ϦҪ£ѧԺɽһɽ壬һɫӰվ΢пֺս䡣
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ţˣǵӰԺŮϢŮ
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ţһᣬʵ˺񻹲ġ˵һЦ
ţоͺãϣǸˣԺͲҪʦˡŮһ˵̼ˣŮӰڰ֣ҽɡ

߽ڻʳǿĵӣһҴҵӰײ˹һʱЦˣҲûȥ赲
ţˣѽ裬Ҽأ˵㱧һѶ˷ܴҴҵ˳ȥ
ǺǣʲôôĺûתۼѾûӰˡ
磡תͷһһ۵վ󣬡ûʲôµġţҸʲô
֪һİĹճˣͦ˫񴺺ͦΡӯӯһյСĿ洦պõϥһ㣬·Сȣһ룬ƺ֪ʲôġ
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ˣҲϷŪ˵ϻؼҾʹ۸Ŷ֪𣬺ٺ١
ſԼؿ˿뵽ղŵĻϾһȣ°ۣ硭ˣ˵ת뿪һֱЦ֪һԼ뵽һװԼµ龰ɵ޳ܵӲˡ
ȻҲûע⵽ﻹһڽԹ޵ɫĶ𡭡




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һˣȻص˼УһСӰһ˵ĻֻСһϣ磬ˡ˵ϣĸġ
ţҲ϶ˡ˵һϵС죬̰˱ĺ촽ͿˮͬĻӦţСͷϹǻݺͷ
磬Ҫ϶еġѾʲôСŮˣȻʮһ꣬һ𣬽ҲŮ֮£ʱʱԸоԼƨһȼӲĶڶԼǶԹ飬ΨһûнԼ塣
ţеˣ绹㣬ףأʱѾǳ嶯ĳ磬侲
Ŷʲôң϶֪һش𡣡ܸоƨڽȥһ˿źԼҲ
ܸܲоҵ뷨עգգ۾ͻȻȻ˵ŶǺǣ̫ˣ
ȻֻҪ΢о񣬸Ӵ뷨ᱻ͸һܣһֿӱѧԺͼݾмأп飡ʵӣĿԽǿֻԶԶһ۾֪뷨׵Ҫˣֻһͷ֪Զǧ˵뷨κ˶û˽
ܿµҲΣգñ֪ˣƺܶ֯ᶢȻá𶼾һ¡
϶˵һ䣡ϼͻȻ֣ɵæͷ϶ҪסԺǧ֪뷨¸κˣ֪𣿡
ŶΪʲô̺Ҳܸ𣿡ҡҡͷڲ˵ҪԱʵ˵Ҳ٣϶ڡ
ϴСѣԼʲôĻѡѣо죬Уûκ档ջǹԹԵĻᶨĵ˵ͷ
̿ռָóһйϣ϶úÿܽܶķŶ
лô𣿡ܷѾˡ
Ȼ⻹ˮ򣬻ʯأţҪúѧԺ˾Ǵ
ţãѧϷǳĻķ
Цŵͷɷϣϵ츳ȷʵãܿܰЩ֪ʶŪˡ
һӺݵӰæµţҶŮ˻ΪѾˣȴǷϵĸ˼ңֵܵ䡣
ظܰһİŮΪԼͣһݷǳƽİԵôϡ
ѽҶһæͷһʱؿڣҰ㱻ˣҶԹŷͻȻһ˴ӺԼ˫ֻԼ鷿ȿʱ̲ס
ǺǣŶôС˵в࣬˶鷿˫ָ޷յ꣬ţأûʲô谭
ȱ硭Ҷ˵ţѾоƨһһﶥԼľջء
硭ҡһˡ˿ûᣬ翴ʱеˣټϸղźôȣӲܣôõĻϷŹģҲ㣬ҵġ˵Ĳӣ䣬µһһµĦƨɡ
⡭ô󡭡硭
Ҷ켱ˣĵȼûԼء
硭ȡȡѾۣһڿʴƨѾ¶УҶƨҺϲӣ˫һȥ
硭มȱ𡭡šҶĿУô̵ס壬ǴֲڵͷƨۺСѨǿһɽһɶסҶ䵭ˡ
ҺùĲѾˣҶæպѾվ˫ַƨɺݺһᣬ㡭ȵһͱҶСѨǳʵĿгģĦĿ̲ס硭
ĳ־òö˵ǿ»ûҪļ󣬵ҶѾ߳ˣµʪһƬ
硭û𡭡ҶߵʶܲסѾſ̨ڱ͡˫ְῪƨɣǶջɼ΢΢䶯ǿɰγʪ󣬶Ҷƨ۲˽ȥ
һҶ﷢Ȼйƨ۵ľյֱִﴳеʹܿͺƨ۵ĿвСѨҶٴθ
ﲻϷžžžײ϶С쿴ɵֹ磬Ҫ϶ȴȥҪ̡

ڿʲôأҶѾ·Ų˳Ǹ߳ϣǣûʲô϶һЩ£Ŷˣ㡣˵ӿռָóһݸҶǴѧԺѧѧԺͼóģǸ߼ؼŶԺõϣúÿܳɹתҶĻ⣬У似⻹и϶ġһ飬ǴͼóģȫöƵĹͣͼݾҵһʲô飬öٶû˹ʣһû
ҶϿۻңȴûи׼ΪС˵ļ䴫ѾˣòЩؼ似ʱҲ֪λŮ򵥣Բ򵥣һƾ͸Լ˴ȨԺɣôܣôŮԺģʵǿ˭
˵СˣѾ˲٣Ѿǰһֱ𣬲Ȼû뿪ߡصңͻֻСһվԺӵϢͻڸ߿չۿ벻𡣵ȻҲ֪С֮һֺϸ΢о
æûʲôȥд
ڿʲôѽˣһЩȡ
ӴѧԺģ飬Ժ·ˡһ鿪˵
ҲЦˣǺ£Щ鼮ҿ˵Ѿ֮ңҲС̼ҡһжøлҴ˸ı䣬һףҶҲףСС͵ҲףռޱҪλãԼҲ޷档
Ȼǲ˵ڣֻ֪Լİ㹻ˡ
ǿģԼҲܿģԺҪгԼҲˣϾҵԽԽС֮ͽ⣬ʵԱһˣҲͬʱߣҪٷϴ£ĶУŮˣÿһǣģʧȥκһλС
ȳԷɡпٽСݣЩ齫ҷչĵ̣ҪúñܲСҶܿˡ
ţԣԼŰɡЦЦ˵Ա۹ð⡣
ﲻ˼˾䡰ǹɵԱ߳Է
ȻԷʱٲһֵֻɧţԸϲ쳱
ҶԿֻħצ棬Ҳͣתÿһζͻһ£ΣֻܰѿĿ⿴ҶҶȴʲô֪һŵĳŷû취ҶɲǻĿʱʱһ̲ˣһӨҺ塭
ϸ֪ʲô׽Űֻֿеÿģ֪һֻɧء




082

СԵñ˰ɣҶѾȥʰ鼮ʣڡ
ͷСһ䣬֪ʣԷܳԵ˶٣ֻֻԼŪأҪǣ𲻵ָͣҴĴָ٣Ū
ԲԷûʲôˣѾʦΪԼ첻Ժȶûʲô⣬ֻǳԷһϰߣһʱĲѡ
ܰɣô࣬㿴ôŶ𻵻һЦ³֣ƶˮˮеġ
ˣһ۾ס˺
˷ŶǺö˵һָϵˮţҲ˵Ŷ쵽ǰˡ
עһᣬһ䣬עſ˺촽
һһţͷָػһ˫գţҪľжģȴԵøʪˣô򶼲򲻸ɾ
СĴģѾȼټ촩յۣܿС̧ܵͷͲסеְͷԼĿ£ҺҪ·
ǺǺǡͻȻЦ˿Ŀ£ϸˣߺǻ˵ףСͬʱ⿪·һİͷ¾
ô󡭡ľӨҺɢŨɧζֱֱĴ̼񾭣Сߣ˼£һһвֵһոǲǸ滹ζءɬһЦ촽ڹͷһ£Ȼſ˺סͷһ
šáһǹĿڻԽԽˡͷһһ۵ĹŵŮԼĴ̼ǼӶ˼֡ʱŪͷʱɨ֮ԼķϸÿһǳȥԴ
ſãҶͬƣֻһڳһڿɵſʱͬķ°ڣڿֱӰȥ
Ű硭𡭲ҪΪֱӲ룬û뵽ǸǴֲڵĴϯѨ;ջѣΪŸջûϴ裬Լµζţκβɡ
ţС㣡˵ţ硭һ㶼ϣԼֺα⣬ǰԼģҲûκԼʲôҲſĻſ˫ȣ㣬ΧŪԼ
ҪѹͷСѨڣʼִͦĹͷƬӰůСѡ
ƺӹķó磬İôԽԽˡǴ֪ÿαöһƺÿ춼ǰһ㣬һ㡣
ʵ֪֮˵Ƿǳǿģرǻָһ飬ƽ˱һһָܻ˿ڣֻҪѡͬα룬ȻϰĴСڶСѨֿʼָȻĻͻоƺֱˡһִ
ȻĺôǷǳܵģСѨôȣѹ쳣ýССѨٵĲƬⱻץͨ졣
硭ˡҪˡˡ̲ס˵һθ߳Һڵأɢζ
ٺ٣𣿡СѨһˮĨľջϡɡ˵ְľջѹ˽ȥ
ƨ۾ԱСѨҲȫû󣬱㿪ʼһеĿʼȴˡ
ںҶҶͻȻС̣ģʲôʱֵѽίģԱߵҶۣҲֻεЦЦҡҡͷʵ̫СˣĴִԼΪ˶ܲˣοʮСŮνɵĴ
ϲôģںڵӹһתͻȻЦˣԱߵҶе㲻ԣʵ϶ôˣŶûʲôûʲộǼ

κ˶û뵽ΪаϿʼıý




083

ڶˣ˯úԱ˯ú˵ģŮ¶΢Цһηˣʼϲַ
ʱǵԼǿ½סҶҲصص鷿æŸմջγڵζҶһ㶼û⣬ԶԽˣմ㶫
ҶһᣬҲˣǽСͷǻȣһѰϰԼ£Ҷؿ¶İҲܹŹͷʱͷι깵ۡ
Ǹոջعƨɵʱֲ߳ιȥʱԼŮڷҵĻֿʼ忿˵硭ҡ
ţҪٺ١תͷһЦ´ΰɣˡ
µĻΪж磬ǲǺûáۿˮҪ䡣
ɵϡ΢΢һЦĶͷ˵Ѿˣ㿴ⲻǻҶ϶𣿡
šСϢ°ɣһôʰҶװŭ˵ȴǸļ鷿Ū
ǺǡǺһЦָſҶϵԴԱʾԼ
УЩˣΪʲôܿҵԼĵط𱳺ԼĽĥţϵ£һֱʵβ
ҲܵˣСţܺáõĿ϶пļˣϱԼ鷿ȫĦ
С죬𱳺εӲϵźûзŹ黬Сƺ˵Ũİ⣬ܸܵõ
ֱƨۣһƴţ˫ֻɵ׽ֻ
Ҳ֪ԼˣƺֺҶϣڡҲԺ˯˹ȥ
ϴһǵԼѧȥѧУǱģѧУﻹһΣյŮҪԼء
Īҡߡ˭˺ԼŮˣôҪиľ˽еȭͷɲΪԷǸСŮ顭
ĵĿγ̣ʲôʱǸܴˣӢڿϽЩԴ鼮ѧϰ֪ҼⲻһӢֻϣԼΪǿʮٶȰΪһкܴİ
ĪҲˣĪŵŮĪŮĪǴѧԺΣΪڣη壬ĪΪһΪڣֲ֪ڲΪĶ֣ڿշУôùֻܰеĳ
ʱ붯֣Ҳ𣿳¹أĪأ
㣬ô˯û˯˫ѱ񣬵ԱߵСȴȻָѧϰ̬ȡ
ţ΢ɵĿۿ˹ȥôˣеԷߣеĪɵÿʵԼûɡ
㣬ܲܣ㣡Ų̬ģۣǻĸоʦô潲Σ㲻˯Ҫʦ
ʦΣӢˣΪʲôءʵ
ʦôֱӽʦ֣ŭ
úúãʦǺһЦûôȤŮأƺ棬ִţʱȴһ㶼ûкߵģ
㣬ʦĶǶõģҲкܴİ˲Ϊܰܶˣܶˣ˵ˡ
գգۣ˵ʲô˭𣿡Լ֪Ҫ˭ֻ֪Ҫ˭ѳӢΪӢûʲôܽģֻ׼ѣֻ֪
ҡҲ֪ȷʵ֪ôشˣŪе
ǺǣЦųҺúǺһЦôһСŮżһʵҲͦģõͦģҲֻϴһѣֻ̫治֪ʲôϵģ߾ǲܵģ
뵽ʱͻȻſ˽кӢ㣡
ţȥСѧԺʲô߻ϺһˣЦݵĿϡ
Ӣ˺æ˹ȥӣ㰡ôˣףУʲôˣ
˺ǺһЦ˵
Ӣ뿪ˣȴҺģ
ۣղŮ˭
˭֪
ǰԱߵŮҲ˭
µϵİɣ
ףŶ㿴ղУڡ

¶һ˿ɻ󣬲ɣѵĵѧˣΨһûʲô仯ľߵ˿һûӦˡ
ȻӢվڿʱ˵ǰͬѧϡ
üͷһ壬ôģôϵĻѪ
Һãҽϣӡ˵
ۣϻһƬһ˫˫ʣɱ˵Ŀ𣬰ӢôСŮȻˣ
ʱʯˣڶĿֻܸЦ
Ա߰ɡӢСѾˣϲŶ꣬Ѿˣ˻ôɫ
ȿȡ˲עԼ˲æԱߵϣôģ
϶Լģ˵϶ˣ϶˵ѧϰʱˡ
̾˿ܵľ˶οһƬĵİأ̾ͻȻһ粻Լϻȥɣæ˵磬ղУ˵츳ܺãѧϰǻṩԴϣ㲻˵Ҫʵܱ֤Լİȫ϶һúúѧϰ磬ءأҪߺòã϶ֻܾѣҪߡһֱڳ˼˵СС֪ʱԺôúչϣȴû뵽ΪԼߣŵ˼һᣬϵУɼǶôҪ
ԣޣٿ޾ͲƯŶ΢΢һЦϿԼºһ㣬ʵҡ
˵ߵģԱߵͻȻˣһеŭ𣬡СãҽѧԺ˵ģþͶã˵ͻȻŤͷȥֻСֽ׽·ԼĽš
Ҫһ뿪ģ϶Ϊ϶òġϵСԴɫȻ˵лл㣬㡭
ɵСŮ𾲾뵽ô˵⵹ѽˣ߰
ɵѾͷϵСԴô뿪ȻǾͺúѧϰ绹ҪŶҪʧŶ
棬𣿣̧ͷһ˫͸˫۳ϣĿ𣬡粻𣿣
ȻҪŬѧϰŶȻ粻Ҫ뿪ҪƨƨŶ
ţģ϶һúѧϰʧģЦ
ϳͬѧԺÿ춼ԺһȥѧԺһѧϰ
ϹɰòܿͺͰϵͬѧһƬرһߵһֱš㣬㡣
ȻҲϲһ𣬴һʼϽ࿪ʼһֱ˵ʱҲ֪Ϊʲôôչϡ




084

Ӣ㣬ʲô°һκӢû˵ʱǲϰ߳ƺΪʦϾûʲôԼġ
Ӣ˿һɢӣﲻɵһ벻ͨһɵôΪһһɫСʱ涼ʱʱ۽ԼظΪԼ֪Ӣˡ
Ϊʱ¡Ӣ˵»ǺܸģϾμѧԺȵ֮һ
죡ã˵վһѾһˣĪĴڶ˵Ǹǳвڶ˵ʵǺҪ
ţ죬ʵ˼ǵôӦҴȵ£С۾ĿӢ˵̧ͷ˫ɫ۽Լ鹵ʱʲôˣֻӢ˳ֳȥ±׽УֻܸЦ¡
û취վʱͷһȴӢǰǶԻԲһʱĿ˼ӣȴû뵽Ӣպ̧ͷ鷿ʵ̫ˣʱ룬ǱѹǲǸ÷ų͸͸Ҳ֪ǲǴϵ͸֣
ݵ˲ѾΪ鷿࣬ɼɫاͶ˫鷿ѾãʱҶҲѾˡ
ЦʲôЦ㣡ãӢһæã鷿ȻˣҲҪ˶찡ŮåĶı˿ɲôռġ
Ӣֱհۣʱ¡СɫҪˣֹһˣʱϿĶţû취붼ˣ
˵£ţǰֻһҪȥҪϵѡٺܼ򵥣иȣһľȥҪȡðϵһ˵µġӢȻҪȽϸġ
Ҫ԰˵ȥҪԵôֱأɲ˵õŶһڰô죿Ӣģƺеɰ׽ŪһϵĳԱ֪ߵҲʦڳΪõһѹ
㣡žһӢӣڰòһĻǻôμӴȣʦôò
㵱û˵ҲҪȵİҴӦֲһõΣΪʦҲҪòãСƭⲻһˮ̵Ӣҧгݰʲô˰ԼʲôӢ뵽Сɫҹúܣ
СҾͲ㲻Ӧ˵ӢͻȻ֣ʵܲСϷŪˣúúһʦΪȴô֣һ׽ȥȴ׽˸գ߻ЦιʦҲѧְɣοֲѧ
ҾҪ㣡ˣӢˣתһץգٴδ̫ˣʦˮƽҲʦˣҵѧȥμӴȡ
𣡣Ӣ˫۶ˣʱѾԼһĳԣȭͷѾʮȭͷ֮ƺз졣
ʱ˫ĿһģãޱȿѵֶһԼʵ
һͬػһȭ칫﷢Ȧײ𾹱
ʦڵΪȻֲѰ˱һȭп»ᱻ壡ҲʦڣǶ֡
Ӣ·𲻽ޣٴһźɨ
ܣھӢ֣Ҳԥ˲һǽűԵԼҲ࣬Ӣպɨ
ǿײƺûӰ죬ȻԵļӳɣʱӦܵסʦڵɡ
쵰ӢһɷеСеۣһֺϢڡ
߳ŭӢٴγȭһȭƺȫϮ򣬲࣬Ҳʧ˲ڼ򴦣պõӢȭͷ֮ϣҽӢûӦĻᣬһƳƺҪеˡ
ƾϺˣԼӢɵˣһƼþʦڵ÷Ӧæջ˾ųҲûࡣ
ӢƣҪԼУѾûзӦĻᣬղһȭѾ׿ȫѾ˫׼ݺݵһơ
ţӢѾоѾԼؿڣǺ񡭡ۣԼҲûбˡ
Ҳסˣһջ˴󲿷ƺòԵط
Ӣ̲סۿ򱻴еĵطûɰƳָͣôһûУԼؿʱʱɫ̿ʼ仯׵ģģڵģģС
쵰һ߳ͱһ߷ɳȥˡ
ӢޣղſֻֽԼ鷿ϣžˣǿɶָȻ£ץץĶ
쵰ȥӢȥŵصһᡣ
֪ûл֣ղһȥ󣬸о鷿ԭôеԣ̲סץ˼£Լ׽ʱȴӢͻȻôһ²žѹԼѾһѱ˵ظ
𣡱ˣۡʹӢһſþ߹ţҲʦΪҲܲסһСЩĵطֱӢŹܵס۵æģˣҴӦ㣬Ӧ㣬ϵıõһס֣
ã˵ģдҲҪǰӢƺҲˣĻǾ
ȻҪǰιѾӦõһû뵽һȻǵһᣬʵڿҲԸˣѾܵӢǰǶԵԣָмѣ
𲻴Ӧ˵ӢѾȭͷģƺ˵ҪߴһҾӡ
úúãҴӦ㣡ŮåвֻͶۣۡǽšæСȷʵоۣȴûܲסĵز
˭㡭ãӢͷ󺹣ƺĺʹӣӢе㼱ǲˣǵһʱ鼱ŭޱȵһţ㡭û°ɡˣİȣ
£ҿӢ˲ôˣɺþæ⿪·¶СȻСǺͮͮһ飬ԼһŵĹ͡
ô죿ô죿С׵żˣôȰòһĻҪø˰ѧԺô찡
һʱ鼱£Ӣᰴôˣô찡
ӢְСеǳʣٿӢòƽʱˬӢˣͻȻһаͷ
ޡõˣ࡭Ӣʣǲͺõ𣿡ӢʦûʦƣֻϰĦ˵õ㣬˫ϡû취żŮǺܱģҪӢ侲ͻȥ򣬻߽иʦʦˣ̫ƣ̫δˡ
Ӣ֪뷨ֻСﻹţôˣôˣ
šһ࡭һ㡭ɵСܵѾ𣬵Ӣȴûע⵽Ļ¡
𣿡ţǡӢסˣһֻѾǸӲͷͻȻһץסˣȣôܸ֡о
쵰˼ӢŷӦʲôһǵͨ죬վһ߷ɣû˳ȥ
칫ֻʣʹҿ½ݣռҵӴ

Ӣһ˾˺ܾòƽȻڳ𣺡СɫСﶼҵϷļһţӢԺͻȻָڰ칫ĻأԼǸȣͻȻ飬ϾȻһΣе󡭡ޅģʲô첻õһҾŪ㣡
ҪŪ˭أӢ˼ʱһɫӰԱߡ
Ӣᰡû͵˼˵
Ů΢΢һЦ˵ǺǣʲôûŶ
ţӢ죬ڰŮӻˣ롭ӢͻȻŤһ㶼Ը
ʲôŮһֱ΢ЦĿ·ʲôѾ֪ˡ
һ֪ˣԲԣųģӢʱߵòҿŮӣᰡ˼ˣˣˡ
ǺǣʲôŮʼ΢Цˣˣ㣡ͽѧפˣȴƫƫ˵ϲȻʹȴѧΪʲôѽŶѵΪĸˣŮһϷ˵
ǲǣ˿˼ӢӣҡΪѧģͻȻ뵽ʲôԣΪѧģ㿴ԼھʮСŮһңҲҪֺհȻԺǳȥ˾˵ҵŮǲѧԺȥΪǽ˵ǲǣ
þͲ𣿡ŮЦѽ㣬һӢԴ㲻֪Ǹʲô𣿻ǰ˵ѻҲˣʼֻϣԺ󲻹ʲôһҪԭ𣿡
˵ʲôӢеĪʲôԭ²ԭµģԶҵҵģҵԶ˵ӢŰŮӣŮ̾˿





085

ڶȿʼͷųʦڵʱûκиͬѧʦڳΪĳսһģһдˡ
Ȼ΢еԾȻҲսȻе̬ŮӵʦڳʵʵȷʵǿͨĳʵͼĲҲ򵥡
̨ϵӢ죬û뵽ʵôǿƺʮþȵ£컹Լģ󻹱׽Ū쵰ɫޣӢ뵽еĶһ죬ôǵһθǶĴڣô󣬺ô֡
ôվڸߴǰܵһεѹϢת
Ϊһ۾ϢԶҴҵɨһΧˣʮҵ꣬վһˣȻǴʦ
ĪңţҲڡϴκĪңЦһºˡĪʱͫһǿѾµǵĳĪ졣
û°ɣɫе㲻ԣӢʵҡҡͷиǽϽʵԷ̫ǿˣ͸ֻеһĪѹ
ţǺãڸ˵˵Ĺأʮ֪˰ɣÿһ㶼ͬΪһпΪңǶڣԴƣĻӦĲ֮䡣
ÿһ㶼в̶ͬȵѹһʦΪ볢ȥĻܲˣܲסѹʱͻᱻԶ治ȥġӢ۾˸˵治ҪעѹͬʱӦעǡˡ㶮𣿡
գգۣͻȻЦӢǺܹġ
Цʲô㣡Ӣ⸱Цݲɵһȭͷٴһ١
֪ģЩ˻вҡնִӻϵܿף֮Ĳޡ
Ӣ˰֣ӰѾûǵţĳ¹ɫȡˣ

֮ǰѾвǰˣЩ½½ȥûʲôһͣϾܽ˶ֵϸѡģȻųһЩӵȨĸӵܣĪңʿںʦڶ㲻ΪʲôܽΪиүү
һֱϵ󣬿˱ȽˣĿռҲеŨѹӦòİɡ˵εĵطһϵ·
ʵ̫ˣո̤¥ݿڵĪһ˷ܵĽĺõط岻ɵ¶ܸܵ
ӦһĲ㣡ĲĪҵļˡ
˲ȥӢ˵ǲʱ͸еһϧϧһλᣬֹһҲǲģһذУĪҡ
ƺڴĪҾ쵽һ˿Σһ˭û˻شӭһĵУǳŮĪǧҲû뵽ԼʲôʱˣһֱΪѧУһЩʵ˶Ѿ͸ҽŪڹ֮䣬⻹ΪʲôҪɱ˵˭Է̫ˣֻǸ˵
ĴѾرգٴ򿪣ٵʱ䵽˾ͻԶ
Ӵˣһ̬˿Ѿرգ˵ľӦúúкһЩڳĴˣʱں׵ĳˡ
Ŷ㰡̻ĳϰ塣Ī˵ͷӽʵӦɡ
ϰæǫҡҡͷЦǶӾͲǸϣܳ㣿ǳŮзﰡ˵Ѿˣ
ϰƨĵø¸죬ĪҲ˸΢Цƨ
ϰ˵껰ǰͻȻһ׹⡣
ףôչž˱ˣ
϶ͷӲһ¥
ҾҲǣǺǣװ˷ʱ޴

׹ƽĪͳϰҲ˹ȥ
ţңĪʱУô£ԼŮսȥͳˣѵӲ˵㣿
ףǳŮ
ôŮˣ϶ǺøԶϵܲסѹˡ
꣬С㣬ǿߡ

Īɫ࣬ոջƨĳϰʱ֪ȥˡ
үүءĪҿɥ˵Ī컳ұɱˣ
ʲôһ̳죬Ī߼ʮԶ˶ܲס׷׺ˡ
˭˭ҲĪӣ˫ɨΧˣ˶һһŤͷƲ
ĵĵӢˣĪʱ֪Ϊʲô뵽𡣡᲻ǣ
ĪԼүүѧУΪ£ɣһָʹŹʦи𳤵ñƯĶᱻݣӢŪĪˣﶼĪĶ֣ԼǣĪȻҲڼɶӢ˫û˺ƤڿĪҰװɥʧһλᣬӢɵֻ
֪үүҲ֪˭Ҹͱ͵Ϯءүүô죿Īʹޱȣ˭ôһΰ¾Ժˮ׼
Ī˿ɫޱȥº˵Ī˲ʧˡ
ٺ٣ºкϷˣ
ʱҲҰѧ
벻˭ָʹģĪŮɱ
ĪʵҲöһΪ
С㡭

𣿡ӢһҧУ





086

Ĳˡڿһӣ·𲦶˿еŨŨȱǿʮֹ
ڴӡ˵ͨ¥ݿڡ
𣡡
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Ǹ࣬ҲǸŮ¹Ӻ׷֣ϲѶȵĸɽЩ͸Ь׵ˣһֽĲ̬Ů¹ӴĵǻһӣϧӴ¹ѧԺûǶ׷Ҳ׷ʹ
ϵĵһԼҲǰϵĵһ϶ᱻͽ˻ܽӴأбĽչҲһǣ¹ȴǸӵ𣬾ȻӢó¹е̶ˣټϿǸ飬¹һĪŭ
û£ˡ˰¹Ҳ㡱Ȼתͷߣ˿¹ӡ¹÷ڣСûԹôԽбݺݵĴˡ
𣡣¹ӽ˽еȭͷҧгݵĿʧıӰղŲҶ֣Ϊ͸ʵο¥ĸǾӢ϶һ£˭˭˵¹ҲɵϣǿеĲҲҳ֡ߣһ¹Ҳ˵㡭
ûѳ¹ӷϣʦʵģ͸ղа𲻽ͳȥȻȥе鷳ӢӢıô򵥵ģһֱ
ȻΪŨۿõ϶ɿ죬ѹ⿪ʼһֽȵѹеѹϤ£һºϵɡ˸εĽ䣬ʼ
үүأô죿˷λᣬԺҵΪ϶ˣô죿ءĪҸĪصҺһֱţǶǸʹ֣޲ʳ֮⣬Ѫ
ģº϶ʱҳ˭ҪһֿʧأʲôʲôùһֻᶨĻΪõİ׳ա
ţһҪҵҪɱĪҷۿɰ˵ɱ˵ĻʵôҲ벻˽˶֪۵䣬ɰ²һźݶģ˲к³ԺҲ׷ϲͬ˵ĽŲˣԺûˣء
Īü̾һ˵ģңүүġ
ţĪֹͣĿһ˫۽Ī죬ƺĪôͬˡ
үүһšϴ赤
ϴ赤ĪҴһϴ赤֪ʲôһΪĵҩ˺յúõ굽ʮΪ⣬ϡҪǣ٣һϴ赤㶼ʮң
̫ˣүүóҪүүҪϴ赤ĪҴʱȫ˷ܺͿģûע⵽Īһ˿įϴ赤Լ׼ʱõģڿԼŮܵίܲһҧøԼŮá
Īһ֣һĴָѩɫԲӳģӨ͸ɢζ
̫ˣĪҿĵýץүүڳԾͿ𣿡
Ҹʱ䣬ٳȥٰܸͨõաĪҿģĪһжνˡ
ãүүģĪʵĿĪ컳˵үүãһֱүүߣүүĪһ˫̲סĪҺĥɳңүүԶõģ
ĪҸܵĪеƣԼؿڱŵĶĪͻȻ΢΢һ̣һ˿һ
үүܾûҡǸˡĪҶ˵Ҫ
ĪвϵĲƺĺܾûŮˣټϴʱ˿̣ӦҪһΡóƵ̧Īҵ°ͣеҡҲ̲סˣ׺ӵĪҽ۵죬ǳгĻ棬һͷӵһŮ
Īֻһ󵨻ӦСүү˱ֻǵãǰ컹ĪڴϴǴĪ컹ժȡľջԼܾˣβһĪ֪Լеϴ赤ʲôӦĪĴڣǳأ
ڱḬ̄ڼ䣬ĪѾ˸ϴ赤ķѾ㹻׳СˣҲ֪СܲһͷôϻôʢӦûİɡ
Ī¾ʱĪѾͲס˫ֿʼ˺Īϵ·ȻĪҵѾϤ˽⣬ÿκʱĪôͿܣһ뵽ԼŮĪİӸӲ֡
үүһᣬĪѾȫ㱻ϣĪһͷĪҿ£̰ŮζĪСѨֻļĵëǳɰ
үү㡭δȫŵСٱĪҧţĪ忪ʼүүոձҧٺȻһֱƨۣǸԼСһֱйĵطǴʱȴԼүүһһڵţһĿгȫġ
ášԭԼطôģֲͷÿζҪԼǴĵطĪûãĪѾ̲סˣ͵쳣ܣ⿪ͷֱſĪҵĽͬʱһ˳ֱӵĴĪСѨȥ
үү㡭Ī۾죬Ī˫ȿܵĲţԼŮԼָоǳ
Ůңүү㰮㣡˱Ͼˣڼٳ岻þֱˣǹɾҺҲ䵽Īڣԭ㹱ƨ۵ĪҴʱҲ޷ˣҪ£˴Īʵ̫ˣĪҸûи߳
үүû°ɣĪ侫ҺĪͻȻʼ˹ȻУ
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Ϸװͷؼңһڷϳŷ
ȥҪ²Ż˵𣿡ϵ˵
ɵѾͷҶͬʱ¶΢ЦģģýȢӰô᲻㣿
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ŻճԼڷҶͻȻẒ̇ôˣæַסҶһ塣
Ŷû£֪Ϊʲô⼸¡Ҷ΢΢һЦʾýš
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ˡ֪ǲǺϢ֪롣
ҶһʱʱϸڣԱһ²ŷԼѾˣĹ⡭
ҵġӢԼף˵ĪұͳͬʱҲ˵ԼĿ
šŮӱĿüһᣬͻȻЦˣõģд㣬˵ʶһսפʳǵҵ壬Ϸװ԰ɡ
ǰ㲻֪ϷװҵģҾѡʵӣڸѧԺϿ϶ܴ󷢹ʣ룬ǴѧԺһֱףһֱѧԺЦҺò˸ѧΪ¶ܱĻҵ˼ǰ׷ȡúóɹģԣҪסӢæ˵һѣŮʼ΢Цš
ˣ֪ˣŮЦʱ㻹Ƕҵ˽Ӵɣкôġȥɡ
Ŷ֪ˣ¡
İɣзִ硭
ãˡ





087

һºһƫƧĽ䣬۾ȫ˷ܵĹâһµʱ䣬ǿѾ൱ʦ۷壡Ҳ˲٣öҾͻʦڣڲ˱Ҳ׳˲٣ڴͻʦڵı仯
ϵˡϵӦ޼
̤͸ܵһɷǳճŨ
ȻÿһͻԼķôģֱĺõطһֱĻһ꣬ұ֤˾˫˫ͻڣѹҲͬʵоеվǶͷ΢΢ð
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صȴԼŮߵӵˣҲ˲˼龰ҫ۵Ĺâ
ʲô
ô£ôֹᷢâϷû쾰󣡡
ѵνȥ˴ĳֻأ

ֲ²׷ףڲԶһںڰӰġġ˵ֻأϵĴܾҪ֣ˣ

ֻ֪֪â϶ޱѰ֮һҪõϣû˰ɡܵģڽʱͷв˺޵ʵ׽ˣʵ˲٣뵽⣬ٶּӿ˼֡
ţǣһڷâ÷ǳ˼飬û뵽ȻһģôĹе⵽ôĴڣڴŴһĹܣȻ赲ǽ롣
ͬʱҲ˾Ȼ˱һͬĵϬɫͬʱһ赲̷ƣһеӣһڣ˵һˣ湻ģȫ¶Ůͼһ˾ûмԿó⻨Ӳһķ
һɫȻûʩѹɫʼĿɫһ˿Ӷƺǳޡ
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ȻʶӣȴϵԴǴڷԷżԼеŮ󣬾һֱûǺĪһԷӣĪνı磡ӼŮȻȻͻ͵ȥϷװ͵ʱȴɽŮ񣬶κӶûЦԵŮȻͶĻɶĴ־ȻҷŮƨɴŮｿһᡭ
ԭ£
ӾǳĲԭ£ѿַԼеŮŮκ˶Ⱦָ
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¶ٿӣƲһ˵ʵڣĪԵ
ʵڣһᣬȷԼʶʲôĪԵȵȣĪѵҲܰĪҸ֪ԼĴڣΪʲôԼ˳ޣ

¶ĪԵһ˵΢΢һЦŨˣŶǿڻʵڣСͶĿȾĪֳȻ
ĪԵƲ۳¶˵Ҳ򵥣̻ᾹȻһţһ̻ŲףҪСĺúúǻŶԣû±𵽴ܣһ˵ʲôĻǳ̻ỹǸ̻ᣬԺ󲻻б
ĪԵвζʮ㣬ʶ¶ҪֱȻȥ˵ܵʵڵı¶ȴǺٺһЦûʲôϱǸ̻ᣬһҲʲô仯һǰ˵ģʲô˶ǰʦҵģСʱҾͲСŪ˼ʦ
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ͷⱦƱﲻ٣Ȼᷢôҫ۵ĹâĪԵƺɫ÷ǳѿʲôõòģƺֱָʵġ
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ָһָͷһӰСĹâʱױ仯ӡ
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ðɣ֣¶һȣ̻ӳеС磬кֱӱþ޴󣬷·һϮڡ
ȣĪԵҲϻŴһȥһ׳ĵâγɰ״š
ȴһָָâ˲ַ׽ӣ֮ƺ˿ռ䣬ٶȷǳ֮졣
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088

ȻȥͿվˣǰһƬľͷˣɭɭһƬƺлء
¶Ҳˣ΢΢һЦĪԵȴһȻľͷˣڽӽľͷҵʱͻȻľͷƱһһֱ۶ĪʵɨĪʵæ̧һľͷ˾ȻĪʵףľͷһ
Ǻǣԭ¶Źâͷ촽ˣ˵һɷһ˽ȥʱľͷһһų¶Һɨκγ¶֪õʲôޱȸľͷûһ£ȳ¶վǱߵ̨ӶĪʵ΢ЦʱľͷѾֹͣ˶
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ȣĪʵһһľͷ˿ȥ䣡һͽһȻǰǰľͷͳͳ㲻һѹ·һѹǰ
ÿµ˿Īʵ̶ֳȵѹҲ¶ƮݵҪľа취ġ
ٿĪʵˣһż⣬ֻСһվľ˼ϣľ˲Ťֱۺݺ˹һľȥٶȷǳ֮죬ľ˼ܴõ
ĪʵԽԽǰԽǽһսһֻľ˺ӳ˵âͶĪʵ裬ĪʵӵʱѾĪʵΪʲôûǵʲôʱ˵Ѿ˱ָ͵âݺݵײһײ޴
Īʵɫ΢ȻһָסĵâҪ֪ڲӵеĵâȻһֵָǱ󣬱
һǵâһҧָµľȴûиᣬһȭ𲻵òȶʱѾõâǳӽˡ
ѣ̫ˣæָ䣡һֱӱײɣڿ˼Ѫɵֱӷɹľ
ĪʵǱؿڣݺݵĶĪʵȻתʧˡĪʵɫҪѪĺըȻûһһ̣
˵úأײıըʵ̫ˣҺʦڵ壬ȻѾⳡըС
Ҹطɡüͷ壬ѾܼȥѰˡĪʵҧҧ𼸸תʧ
Ӣ˸ƺԽԽã˹ۡԸ侲Ӣǡǡ෴һγĶԱȡ
Īңʲô죬Ӣ棬ոձҰ˵ľɫȴΧסӵľȻĪҡ
ĿŮ֪ССΪ˶ЫĳȻΧǣЩʵƺ
ǺǡĪҿЦָЦڴǳˣҿɵһ°
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ǡ΢΢һЦԭΪ˳ԷǴŻСС;Ȼ˼ǳĪҳĿ϶ʲôˡ
Ӣ㣬߰ɣԵҡ˵
ô˵ģҪ˵ӢγĳĪ˵ƾ⼸ƺɡ
ӢıӰ΢΢һЦӢƷ
Ӣ㲻ߣѧԺôҲɶ㶯ˣĪվųӢȻǴѧԺ
ߣٷϻϽ˻ȥȻΪʦҿбҪүү㡣
˭˭һأǼǸӣӢʦҾ㿴ʲôʤ˵꣬ĪҾȻֻӢ
ȴ⼸ʦʵĴ






089

ʱˣһ䣬ҺȻҲ֪ʱܺáӶһֱۣǴײ𲻶ҧĪʵߣˣȴѶĪʵѾΪɱ
еʱ䣬ҵʲôɡһ£˾Ȼһ£ƴкõıҲ¶Īʵˡǲģϣҳʲôɡ
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ͷͣ׺ǡ
˭ҶԼ˭ˣȵȡӰԼԴ˵ĵһŮˣҲǿԼʲôҲ֪Сôˣû˼ĳʱѩӡ




090

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ΣʱʱѾ˴޷ȵһͽ̵߽γַ츳ߵмֱΪġԪеκܿһ漣ߵְҵҲںεĴվ۷塣
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Ǹ˭꣬𾪲ѣôԤ㵽ԼԽ
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棬ʳǺԶĵطһСɭУŮ·òȫңϹѪ˲С˺˾Ӣ
ˣһѪ
ӣôӢ̷æʵͬ˲ᡣ
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ô죿Ӣż뵽׵ļӦ֪İΪʲôִȡ




091

һڻǵʦ۷壡ȻԵΧȫˣҲô˺ܶ࣬ڣҲΪڣ˫Ϊ
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092

һˣڴԺһȴ˻Ӧţ˶ȥˣ
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ССˣѾһˣͻȻһתһԭӺ̬Ҷʱɫͨ۾ˮ
ҶϣתסҶҶůĻϤζƺҵ̲סˮ£𡭡ء


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093

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ҶԥİŮȥһı۾ҲſҶĿ£Сĥ伸ëĻζղŵĸ߳
ŮѾۻˣ˵˼Сʱ˯ӿԿǺ㣬һζδ

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094

Īλڻʳ룬ʱѾҹֻȼѲߣеѾʼǷ޾ɣеʼ۴˯Щף˭ڻʳǳĸΰһǻʳ룬Ҳڻӵġ
Ǳ룬˼ڡ
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ĿŰβѣһŮ˿ԼͱŮзٶе㲻˼ʵֻǺʶѣû뵽λڿŰ
ǵҲʧˣԭԼֻ֪ԼûпںŮֶѣһ޹ʹС¶ѣҲǣ֪иһֱ£ߵĶС
İɣˣǰҼˣŮţźε˵ƺĲʲô˵£ȥɬ֮⣬Ժܲʱ˱һ£
ǸˣҴʱѾԺܿľ൱Ҽˣʹұ۾ҲһͨΪ֪һУǣԺȻû취
ٴǡˡǿĪʲôɣûлɵ˵£ְղѾһɶˡ
ƺˣȴûУỹãһẫǻȵĳ棬찡Ǿ˵Ķôô󣿶һôǽҶҲǣСȻǶʵ̫˼ˣǶܳ𣿲ĵطŮ˾ȻԵôģǶĲ𣿡
κ˼ʶ̲ס²̽ʱǼһССǣһ㶼ǰ͡벻Ȼһ̲סҲ֪ô¡
ΣǼһ˵ôײĺϻʵУæ򶨣ţ˵úأ
ߺߣжϣҳ͵Ϯмɰոɵ׹֣һ뵽ĪУ̲סȥĪҼˡ
͵ϮξȵĽеһᶨɫβɵó˼㣬ᡭˣȰɱ練ƣθĴˣᣡ̫ˣ
ֻ𣿡Ĭһ󣬲Ƭüᶨ㣡ô֪ҵŮ˹ԵƬͻһ࣬ﶼܲˣĪֻĪһвѵãֻиɵ
ңΡϿ˵ֻúǿʶܰæ
ˣǾһеģ˵ҲʦΪܿģںʦڼֱһ죬һڵأһת䣬ҡ
ͻȻ˵ȥˣ˿ûб仯ң
̾˿ΪһŮ˲ֵðհ˰̤۷ʱҪʲôŮûаû˵ȥ˵Ҳڲ
ĹǣŮʼҪǿˣȻǰʵ̫ǿʤûκˣֱڻǴ֮
㲻ҡҡͷԸԼҲ뿴ܰ˺
һʲôŮӾȻ˵ĻȻΪĴ𣿣ֵ
ãҰ㣬ˡ˵ڷǳһ˵Ůӵʲôòʲôľֵðôա
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ˣرĺҵָӣֻܰĵطȻٳֻ֣һΣ
һΡ˵һιˣ
ãѾ뷿䣬ȶڷӺߵĴڣǱǱ룬ǱߡںָǱ롭




095

ȿȿȡĪһֱؿڿԣүүôˣô仹һˣĪҡ
ңүүû£ȿȡ˵ŻһڸɿȣʱĪɫ԰ףǹѪҺȻ˵÷ǳء
үүȱ𶯣찡үүǿ߰ڻʳô˰˳Īһ߽İĪϵ˿ڣһ߽̽ĪϢĪɽҪˣԺԼô죿ĪҲò
İɣңҲʶӢǸӣĪһսһŭ벻ǿ߾Ȼƴģ
ԭֲãߣүүŮӢǰñ׷ɱϧ׷ɭ־Ȼˣһ˵أû뵽үүһ͸Ǽ˴үүǲΪ°Բүү㡭Ī˵̰ڳһСϴı飬ۿˮ˿̲סҪԭ
ɵӣ£İɣŮҲùģ˵ñһأǺǡȿȡĪḧĪҵ㷢οš
үүүүҲˣүүú𣿵үүȥ𣬺òãĪСһҡĪֱ
ţȻȥģĪɫһҪһɽݶ
ҮллүүүүãĪҿĵЦˣһĪεүүͻȻĪ컳һֻСḧĪ¡
ңүүˣ㰡үүҲҰġȿȿȡĪĪҵĸӲˣȷʵ˵òᣬ˶ද뾡Ȼȥ֪˵ضˡ
үүģϲүүġӡĪ¶һ˿Ť󲻺˼̬Īǿ
ꡱĪһЦԵ÷ǳɰүү𶯣Һú÷һүү˵ͨ죬ˡĪ۹ſĿ¡
Īҵͷ˲䣬һĨȰѷһͷѣѰοʩѵʱӡˣٺ٣ʱͷӣǻʳǻΪΪ
˭Ҳ֪Ī뷨ɱĪ컹ڸ̾õŮͷĪұԼС죬һҸЦˡ
ȻһΣгȫð亹̫ˣ˵ϢôԼôĵط϶ǸղűĪ˾裡
ΣˣĪӿƣ
벻ǣǹϢͻȻʧˣȻûüɿң̸ܵ˶ԷĿģȻĪң
һĪұ֣죡죡죡ĪֱоĿ죡ƺԳһϰ
ܣĪͻȻ͵һ򳤹⵲ȥüĪ¶ϲ̫ˣպüһ
꣡һѱĽոյס˲壬ֱӴӱ󴩹࣡ûüоǵ⾹ȻֻǿΪߵ˺Īң
ԷĿ껹Լ

ĪоĽһ˿һ˿ģ䡭ʶҲģʧ
µĪͻȻоڽһһεҺգţүү¿ˮ˼ҳ𣿡Īҵʱһʱ뵽ǣĪϴԼСοˮԼʣеͷĿˮҲ֪ɲɾüζһһڵԼ£ɫԵĿԼ̳ԣΪ˵õչˣĪǿһɷθ飬װǳɿζĳԽ
ǿĪװֵģ̧ͷȥ
ûпĪɫˮӣ۾ĿӣĲǿˮȺѪ
ؿһƬʺ죬λһνȥ
ŵصĪ죬΢΢һеʵȴû뵽Ͷս˻ýթһ档βûпЩֶΣǳĶԣթʤ߿ܣֻдﵽĿĲϧκֶΡ
㣡Ī˼ֵĶ𣬡϶㣡Ϯҵ㣡
㲻𵭵˵һն񽣣ִ˽һѪҺĺۼûУƶ·ĺ⡣
㣡ĳϣĪһŭ𣬲ֽүүǿߣڵϣʬδ
ܵУĪ˲˽ʵͻȻתܳţͼлһ㣬ԴÿκĪ쵥һʱ򶼻֧ԱߵˣֱӲҪĪҲڻʳĪڣ˭Ī
ĪҲɱˣĪͬԾСãײ

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096

ô£ĪķӸûĶĪȴû
Īž͵Īķ⣬Ϊֻһ£͵֪ԼŮԼĸܵĹϵ
ŮһԼԶȥ䵭ĪǳƾʲôԼŮԼ׽ѵΪԼûʵ𣿲׽ˣΪʲôԼŮһʮͷֹϵͷԼĸףһţڴۿԼŮԼĸѹڿ³͵ӣѾĲˡ
ĪڵѪĪǿߣô죡ĵĪŷĬֹϵĴڡĪԴӵһοǽϵ龰󣬾ƺˣʮŮ覵Ľϸոտʼһжôˡ￪ʼ̣ϲ͵
ϲ͵Լ׺Ůĳ棬ÿ͵궼˷ܵòУ
ĪˣŮպҲķ䣬룬Īٴ͵͵˽͵
ûǰͻȻĪҴ
ĪһӰæĺ棬ɱүү
ʲôĪ۾һͻΪԼˡ
һȥˣĪŶʱ죬俪ΪСôȥһɱǿߵĴܣŮʱҪԼ
ˣĪҸߣһӰöǰһȫˣ𵭵˵ĪһĪҾҲܵеˣ
㣡ĪžȽеⲻӢѧΪѧԺΪԲʱЦŶԭǡǡ
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ˣҲϻġĪҵĻ
˭Īɻ󣬵ԱߵĪһ֣˲ˡ
ðŮ㾹ȻɳĪߴˣΪѧˣߣûŮֻԶĪҼһĮĿ
㣡Īָɫףû뵽Լĸ׾ȻΪԼ˶ԣĪţΪŮͺܹا
ΪɵЩûְ֪ȨȡŮԼ
ĪңŮĳ裡Īǵ±˾Ͳ֪˶ڷ⻹ûôҪүˣΪףݣĪ˺ƤĪҲʼˡ
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Ȼ⣬ļֵ͵ˣ֪ʧˣȻʱĪѾˡʧˣǣȥˡ
ˣȰǰ˵ɡųһһĪȥ
Ҫ˸λᣡһɫŮˣλᣡĪҲ˻𣬿޶ԡ




097

ĪҾʱһЦӿдû뵽߾Ȼ˺ûҲ
䣡һӰĪм䣬ٺ٣ˣ֮壡һֱϣ̤֮
һʵ͸ڣ亹Ҳʼֱð
ĪҶʱһ˶Լ˵Щʲô֮壬ʲô֮ģȻԼǸĪҳʵˣǡ
С椣Ժңҽһ£ףһ˫պÿ·ҵĪңؿСС¡㣬ˡ
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˿ԹԣǾ֮壬СС;ͻŪɧʵ̫ˣ
ʲôȻ׷ɱ㣡ĸˣ𣿡תͷ俴𣬡ʦںڣߣ㲻͵˰ѣ˵꣬һһɨ
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ףСӣһŰѡ˵
ĪҾˣڣϣȥɣĪֿˡ
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Сӣٳһš˵һˣԷֵĹ켣
ȻӵĽû֣һӰǰǵ׵ĳ£㷢ӱӰ֪ˣŮӣ
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ҺúûŰĪתͷݺݵĿĳޱ÷ǳԡ
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ŮԵһСʱҶߵʱ࡭
ҹû˯۾˸ŹâѾˣʿԼⲻΪŮ˲ˡҵ˽ˣҪʧ





098

˵ûӢĻˣȻһǳõϢ˴ˣ
ҵʱӶˣֻܶɽˣ˵úء
Īңݺһվɱ
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СɰҲϲ˾ǴĴ棬ҶһĽУҰҲҪչˣû취




099

ˡҶԹĿ˯ϻģˡ
ǺһЦϵ˱ָ˯ˣ˯ǿɰ
ţҰСϷŻطȡ
ϰúúŴҶӵţһ˫ḧ΢΢¡ĶӣСˡ
ѽҶЦЦһӣ֪ҪԣڶŮ˻ϵһӣش
һܰӵҶͻȻҧҧֱۡβһֱֱĶĹɹֿ֪ʼ뻵˼ˡ
Сϳȥû湻𣿡Ҷ̲סߣɹĹѾʼĥ䣬̼е㼱١
ʲôѽҲ֪СϻСǾͻںģСϰ˼£ûȥ㿴ڱöܣСҽȥ˵ѾĳȹҲ϶ȥ
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ôˮ»𣿡һСĽƺͰ۵СȣһëţҴŪ˫š
š۾Ӧһ£ˮ¸պã붯ټϱ˲㣬ɴڴϣķ塣
Ѿ£΢΢һЦ˻ŮŶٸΰԼԼϧȫĪսΪľԼҶӣԼɱĪӲƣһʵǿǿߡ
һУʵ벻ʲôԭһŮӾȻԼ˵ԼΪǿߵһ죬Ҫ붼ûʹӦˡ
ǵԼΪǿߣ֪Ҫһأ̾˿ԼǷŮ̫ˡ
Ժĺȴ룬ѾȻСʱѾͶϣŮ˲򵥰ûΪԼ·ǰλţһȻ̤۷壬绽硭




100

˫׵СϴԡԵøˮ۽ף𿴵еˮݣˣ㻹ʲôҪţǰ
ɾ˫ź֣Ȼ˯ˣԼǰ޷˯ˡ
ʧһЦô˵ҲӢˣСһϴŽŶ˯ȥ
û̫࣬Ѿ˯ȥͷСš̲ס̾ĽֺС磬ûһ˿ƺϼ룬ޱȡ
ϸʱŷ֣ˣǹִղûеõһˡ
һ£һ£һû°ɡһڴʹ𣬵촽űһ㣬̧ͷְţеͽҸһζ˫
ǽűһоƺ񫣬ͷһ򣬸о󻬣ټϰȻûзӦз󵨣һһµ
ʱƣѾѰÿһֺŽ˱һ飡žղϴԡ͸¶һԡζǺšһһ߰棬û㣬е¸ոƽϢûõСֵֿʼ
͵ſ쳣ܣѾ˯ˣɴ˳һߣһŰ۽ţǹ˵ζһᣬ͸ܲסˣǵܣԼߣûоһ˿УԽߣԽǣ
պð˫ƶ˫ģԼ£
˯ˣ֪ġ
뷨Ű˫ţ׶
Ϊһǿߣʱ̶ǷǳġǿѾʶȻΧСҲ㹻һЩȫϢ
һǿߣôϴϴŵʱ˯أôڱѾ˫ߣûоأ
ûʶ֪ǿߵľǶôǿ
ϸ˯İɫȻЩ΢죬촽΢
⣡ϴŵʱ򣬰ȷʵġһϵе㣬֪ʲôʱգôܵõõЧ
һжҪȥƵģҲƣ廹ˡϴţж˷úϢһ¡
ʶȻ۲ܣϴý˻ԼźãȻȥû뵽ϴʱȻͷԼĽű
һŵҶôǣ𾪵ͬʱˣβף
𣡲ҪˡھȻĲİ࣬򣡻ĽĽֺһһ˱ġ
źͬʱֲҶ֪ʱԼֻҪһ۾ͻָκͳ̬Ժ涼ǳ˼
԰ֻͷС
顭֡˯ŵɫ΢΢һ죬ǰɷûиֽӴƺڻĵ
˵ɷ򣬰Լô£Լɷʲôģʲôˣʲôʲôͳͳ
ǵʮϣĸףԼһСĺȶһ㣬ȥͷκģһԼ·һжʣһжôáȹ˼ºŷԼˣʵĵ£
ĸ㣬ĸ˵Ѿһ޵ĵ·һ޷ӣֻԸеС޷ĳȥֻö⣬ȡӢ
Ů֮԰ǸհףϴҶ͸¶Ϣװ򶨣ʵѾޱȣʲôؽڽȵȣһδţֵļɣģĲǴӣ
찡Ҫ׵ʲôʱ򡭡ʮִ̼벻ףԼĽŲԵýζͷĻҡ
һᣬ쵽˱ԼĽֺˣҲһָоԼ˫ĺһȵĹӡ
ʲô̲סʶһʱߵͨ죬⡭⡭˵Ҳ֪ĹӾ˵ӡ
ôźʵ̫ǸˡɫĢмǹ̵ĦĽģǻ﷢
ҪźȴˬĽв·ڲСѨһŪ




101

ƬյϷһƮĴ½½زǺܴ󣬾ͺһСһСŲٷӺͽЩмһķӣ繬һơ
һȺˣֵȺûһǴ·ģֻһˡ
ϹԴ𣿡һɫŮſ˿£ߣһϷʵĿ
ҡͷ΢΢һЦЦȴһ̾벻һֹͣһΣһʵȻûƽ⡭
ڳŮһʧɫµŮͻȻȤѽŮֿˣŮŮҲԲŹߣһһŮ˲ȫΪ𣬵˱˻ԣ˵ôӦȺŮأ㲻ҵĻҿҪȥҰŶٺ١
Ŷ˵öԣߣһλŮˣ϶һһٶʮλ軨µļλŮӣժٲж˼ҿҪұˣԼŰɣ
ȫΣȺŮоԼһˣʵϾ
ǸˣڲѾһкڣ֪ڵ˼ǲ⣬Ĳ⣡
ͥˣʲô취ǰ㣬ңҲԸʵ
֪Ҳֻһһܣ֪Ǹ㰲ŵİɣ˵֪ӢѪҺװߡ
ˣ˵䣬ȻѾͥˣǾͽʵѣǵѾ֪仹ô޷ˣò׵õһкô񵱳һúð𣿡ڳһӺݸ߹˵ҲˣƷԲΪǸΣգһǶŵģ𲻵ҵĺӣҲǵĺӰ
ڳŮĬˣþòһ𣺡ðɺðɣˣ˵ʵڸ磬ٺ٣Դ𣿡
⡭˵ԴǼٵġӺǺһЦҶӣ䣬ôҾӦչ
ǺãʽˣҪһİŶŮһϷʵĿӣְ֣ͬ𣿡
ӹһЦ˵ǺðɣڣȹѣһЩҪš
ãְֵģǰְֵģҲģŶŶԣһЦڳŮҲ¶΢Ц۵Ľһģ൱ڰ
ˣְǳԣߵŮǰֱͦɵӣְֵζšóԡòûӵḧ㷢ЦιǻʲôҪһǴ򵹣
ߣЦǣեһΣ˵ŮӴһȺŮӣְˡ
һŮķһ߿ŷɵµ𣬼ͷ󺹵ıŰ˫Ū̲סźһ䣺ɳɣ㸸׳˴ҲΪֵ
һ½飬οϷڻ




102

סµĶԽԽ죬ţһƺߺֹͣˣ̵ľҺ۴
һŨŨľҺȫڰСϡ
õڵõ㣬عŷְոϴɾСֱԼŪһͿæëɾ˳ȥ
ߺ󣬰ԼĽƺ£ͨ죬ɫ֣Ҷ˵ԣӶŮ治Լһ˫Ūô𣿰̲סԼСţߡ
ڼպۿѧԺȾҪʼӦӢĵĳŵȱøνǰĸ׵ԸҼвԴṩԼҲϾӰ֪ŵһǳΣտµĵطǿŵɼʵڸǰéɣʵ˼춼
ΪΪѩ裬Ϊ˽Īң𷢾ʵΪȡ
̣ҪʲôԴӰҶΪѺҲƤƺΪˣҶȴһ㶼֪һֱΪŮءϴðСŷйһֱڰǰҲǳ򶨣Ϊֻĺ֪ˣġ
ǰʱ۹̲סȥ˫Сÿοһ̲סĳ嶯֪СС˼Ҳͱƣ˵ڲôóģҪҪǡƬص˽⣡
˽⣿˵£Ҳһ
ⲻͨΧȴԸܵõǿΪʲôΪڿԲٿΧΪԼá˽ͻΧᴩôڣһ㲻İľ𣬡˵ףޱȼѣһǧʦ۷УһͻڣǾǷǳˣ
ʡüͷ壬ʵ̫ˣһ֣ƻռȴʲôûо̫ˣ
ȴ΢ЦĿ˼˵ѾڶԿռĸܣֻصһССʦڣ
ʦֻţڰϸ˵£֪ڵĳܷػÿԼˡ




103

޹ֻε̾ĲôװҲ׼ȥѧԺˣϾҪʼˣ󲻵á
һֿɰ߽ңеĿⶼϡ
㿴ˣ
ǰ²֪ΪΣ
ǻ˵ѧԺȵĴ
˵ҲǣǴѧԺĴкüأǰѽ
ʵҲǿֻܰϣˡ

΢ЦЩͬѧ˽ҲԱߡ
ޱ飬ʱĻ̲סһ£ˡǵãʦɫǳϾҲǺ֣˵нѣұȥӴҵҲ档
ʦ㣬ǲǺܣѣ̲סʵ
ţҽǰһ̿ʼ޷һаûµġ΢΢һЦţİɡ
ôУ⻹ǵһ˵ôذǰʲô£ĴβгȻΣգȴòȥǼԸͿλᣬҲȥ׽ס
ڿƽ֣Ҳ˿˵Ѿûˡ
ףЦÿƳɫһЦȴ˼ϧ顣
ߡʱɫ΢죬ݺݵĺһȴľ
ѽ磬˵㣡ȴСЦ˵òЦƯŶ
СϣһţߺߣһЩʱնѣھȻȡЦˡٺ٣޵
𣡹㣬𰡡֪ˡϱ˫Ҹ£Цñȿ޻ѿ
ٺ٣㲻ԣȡЦ㣡

ˣ֣ȴеԾеСŮȻôɰһ桭
¿ʱſһӰˣ¹ӽ鲻ԼյĥڴӦ˺һԷ¹г˿֡
ЩŮһȤûУֻ뷢йʱƵһͲҪˣûĸŮۣǣҹ¡
һҪõ¹ӺݺݷģѾʼԼѹ֡
¹УʱصشһԼ⸱ģ㹻һЩŮ˼з񡣲ⲻҪģҪܿĲС
ǵȳ¹ʻվڽſڵʱɫ̱ǻŮ˴ʱȥģһΣ
𣡣¹ӶĺѾ˲˼ĵز
ףǲǳ¹𣿡ۼ⣬պ߳ſھͿһ΢Цĳ¹վǡ
¿ˡò˵¹º̬ͣټȽϰȷʵ˲Ů㺰
ȴһöûУ
ˣⲻǳ¹ףʲô͵͵ģѵʲô£ٺ١¹ӶʱɫףԼû鷳ȻȳЦԼ
ס죡
һŤˣȻ¹̷˿Ļæƽ飬ƽɫϴ˵Ļǲˣ
ţǵð΢΢һЦҲĿҺúöԴҿ϶ģôƯŮ㲻˵ҲúģŶ
ۣ̲סˣ磡
̻ң˫ֺҰڶɫϺ죬ͷҿ𡣡˵ĻΪʲô˵찡ﻹкöˣô죬ô죿
𣡣¹ӱŭˣⷬɬ̧ͷģʮСŮģһŭȼգ
ƾʲôҪʲôʲôôȣΪʲôڻûķϣ
ã¹ǿеŭ𣬺ݺݵĶͬʱת뿪ˡ
ǺǡȴǵһЦ򵥰˻ﶼĻ
㡭ղ˵ġ𣿡Χû˵ʱŹʵϸӶȲҸ˵͵ĵͷһ˫СֲͣŤСһеģ
ɶͷʱסˣģ˵ʵĶŹ֡
ղǻֻ뼤ŭĳ¹ӶѣΪˣǵС˼ı֣Ҷ϶¹ӲǺöܶԼǸ
û뵽Լĵһȴ⸱ģʱ֪ϲԼ
⣡ϲһᣬտڻû˵꣬˫Ѿ죬ˮۿƺҪ䡣
ǣȱޣģҡˣԼû˵ʲôѾˡ
ʵ˵Ǿ仰С¹ĵػɵһȴı̬ʱĶˣԵľܾԼȫȴⷬԥ
ǰĻˣԸ׳ԼһУİǽסĽӴƺϲˣȻ׽ŪԼҲᾭԼģ춼ԼǸлã绵ҲӰӡ
ȻոеϲȴͻȻоϲԼһʱˣ뱧ȵȴ֪ʱԼѾ˽ȥ
ΪʲôĻʹô죿Ժô죿ԼĴûʱѾԼˣ໹ʮ꣬ʮʱԼܱ𣡣ϲԼΪʲôղŻ˵ƭӣƭӣ
ƭӣƭӡૣˮϵ䡣
磡Զҧ̲סʹɫͨһʱӴѾ˲ĵλԼİ粻ϲԼҲܣѵԺܺһ
գʱˣһᣬ滨ݲһ۲ѡˣݺһ׼ޣ
ͻȻһһůĻ§ԼʱסˣʲôһʱˮҲͣסˡ
ˣޡҸղ˵滰ϲ㣡
̧ͷ𣬷һ˫峺ޱȣֱ͸ĵ۾ԼĴԼձãԺ׼ޣûУǰԵǳĻ˰һʱסˡ
ˣδܵ˵ůԼ𣬼˾ͱ壬صĲʹԼʱеĴʱԼԼҲڡ
Ȼů⻹ûůʱһѾȥţסǻȵ촽̰˱ԼͣһϢӭ
ƺͷ˿Լ촽һԼǻݣԼͷ
ҪʱͨƿܾСһˡ
̫ˣԺҲŮˣ磬ˣߣȥ˵ϲվǷ㶵׷ȥ
ŮȥӰû׷ȥζ촽㡭ٺ١̾˿λ᲻ıףĸð⿴ԼҪһΣ
ҪˣҪɽŬɣ꣡ҧҧͦȥջѡҪû취ǲ̬ǳ̲סȥǻͬʱҲѹԼϡ£ֻ쿸סˣԼˣܿĻǰ




104

ӢԼõļʱ䵽ˣӢİ칫ڳ˼¡ӢȴˣǰԼزˣ֪Լİˣ㹻˵Ŀ⣬ԽӢʹİԼøԸһ㣬ǰСƺûôˡеͼԼҲ˵壬Ϊ˺̸ԼӢ붼죬ԴϴĪӢʱҲͻȻǸ
ޣʲôӢˡӢʧˣһֱڵͷ£û
쵰Ӣݺݵ˾䣬ֲҿڣཡӢƽӣ𣬺Ǵˣϣھ̵Ըˡ
ţŶáƺû񣬻ӦҲ⡣
𣡣ӢžһӣŭվĿгŭ
ţʽӢһסˣǰԲ鷿ɵ鹵Ӣ֪ô£ƽĹؾȻС࣬¶鷿͸ˡ
̧ͷֲ˵Ӣֵ˳Ŀһʱ緢ŭʨӣ쵰һ˹ȥ
ҺʵǿƷ绹ûͶ㿪ˡӢʦôˣ
ŭӢ׷򣬵ͣ£ڲżǵãѾĶˡ
úţȲõһ͸ȥӢ¡
úúãûֻߣȻϴͲˡҺϴǽߵ䣬ҪһĻ뵽˸
ûˡŶôˣ˵Ӳ̺ܺãŶҶãҶİɡ
ǾͺáţҪˣӢߣɻʵ
ȻٸСĸȥָ׼Ҫˡ
⣬£ţ£˳ȥ
쵰ܵ÷ɿ죬Ӣʲôϳŭ𣬵ûһӢЦղԼؿĻӢȻغá
ֺҶսһǰǰˣټϵС죬κû㡣
ʱ³˵磬Ķɣ̺һ𣿡ò䣬ֱԹԼûá
ԱηȥҶûн磬Ժ𣿡ϼԥɺã˫ֱ˫ţ۵СѨǰͷּ̳ⷬ
ʼĹͷС죬һ󼤶̫ˣϾͽҵˣһֱ¡
ʹϼûһᣬüͷ壬ˮû뵽ôʹ
Ȼ⻹ûĽѾͣͷµ϶ʼҧˡͻȻһ˿Уϻ̫СˣԼļȴȳ˵Ĵ󣬸ܳܵġ
϶粻ˣޡæ˳ȻһͷĽ룬ϵСǵôģγСûظС
ء磬СϺûãϸղ۵ôһŲİ˳ԼһסĻԼûãһ۶ܲˡϻ
ɵѾͷǺǡɺã϶ôãֻ϶û󣬵϶˾Ϳˡ
ŶӦúʧ䣬ͻȻʵԲ𣿡
԰ɡ˯ɡԡ΢΢һЦѾͷ˵Ժ̸СŮе㺦ߣе
עƽе𣬺ƫƫʱ˸ڵİϴûСš
ϴε龰۰СţԽԽ׳ˡԱߵҶ˯ȥٴνŮ˰죬ȴռͷԡ




105

ûԼôһ죬ԼƵġ
ţ˯ˣһϲ͵͵𷿼󣬹ȻͿһɫ˯°ڴϣ¶ֻɰСţôˡ
ĵĿ󣬰˯Уǿȥĳ嶯СϰĽ󻬣
̫ˣ˯һʥϢ˲ַƫƫֵãǹȻ˼ǿߵݾͰǣĸȥǲǲҪĽ
ȥûϴһ˫º£ĶŽļ̾˿СŶôҪǲ֪
𲻸ңǿߣҪ˵ڵ龰˵ɱ𣬶һٿ϶ٲ˵ġ
һٶѣ£ͳͷԣôƯŮˣҲֵǺʼĽŽ֮á
֪͵͵ŵ˲䣬;쵽ˣǿߵʶôиֻװ˯ѡ֪ʲôԼ䶼ġ
ĽŸʱʼԼĽ󣬰˲ˣһ͵ԣ
뿹ܣǴʱ˿ҪԼ϶˺ܶΣһǶӲģ
쵰̲סһˣһŪԼĽţð̲סԼĽô𣿿ǳȵ̵ĵһɹƵһġ
ţŰ壬˯ģĶ˯ۿ󣬵Ȼܿ
룬ȥʵǰ壬ǿĸһֱ졣
ˣ֪Ū˶ãһֱоƺеƤ˲һѰСһףĹͷȻ¶ͷ͵ÿһ¾һɶľҺ
ˣ漴ֱ⣡ղһһʱ̲סƺ˰ɡ
ϿȥȻ۾˿æʼ䵽СϵĽ
ꡭ̲סЦţЦʲôʵȻղԼΪȷʵʣʱ̲סģŮ˯Լңûַ㲻ˡ
˱Ǻǡڿˣˣɣϸɫٿָ
ɻһһҪȴŵɫ԰
Ϸһֵĺ棬ָҲ΢΢ĲȺСе˵СȵĲȴ쳣Ĳͬ
ðСȾҺĶҲ
ûŶˣװ˯ƺܿģ⸱͵ʳȴͻȻ֪һֱ˾Ĵı飬оʮֵĺ档
⡭⡭֪룬찡֪ģ֪ԼŪСţ
ˣˣɣǿ߲ܲٿΧȫͨҵʱһֽʶĶǵ͵ϮĪ𣿵ʱҵʶҾĲ̽ʶʱԲ̽Χ˯Ҳһһ߷κη紵ݶӲʶĹ۲죡˵ȴһϷӽǿ̿ʼ֪Ŷ
˵岻ɵһһֱѵİ
һʱﲻɵ԰ô˵ӦֹҲŶԣѵпϲѵԼ
֪Ŷٺ٣Բ֪Ĵ³ģʹǸɶģٺ٣ˣǿŶεЦţƺ˰
⡭ȷʵ˰𣬿ǿݾͰǰϴĪս龰¡
ֲˣҪǰװ˯ζʲô֪
˼һҧˣԾ֪Ů˲ҿڰˣͱֽ
ԣˣϣһԲ֪ٺ٣˱ݺһ٣λͣʵ֪ѧһ꼪ףô˴ŮôῴѰӣҲֻֻأǰ;עһ˲Ҳͼ㵽Լôһ졭
ã˻ơ




106

ﻹ⻵һŪСţһЩණԼϣˣĻڳ𣬵һҲԼõЩණǿһֱԼһᾪţһҧġ
ڸʲô棬˻ǻ
ʲôͻȻһ⣡쵰֪ʲôֻһֻ֣ķŵظ
Ҫź쵰Ȼû㣬ԼСŪ˰컹Լظ
ס֡ʵڿ̲סˣһֻظϻ࣡
ȻԭԽԽƽԭԼظ˲ãԼ˰Ҳۣ϶ǶԼ˼ֲҿڵ͡
˵ŪƽŮҲˣɰȻûзӦٿָѾøˣӶ϶뷨
ϲʵϲ˰ԴӵһѧԺʱƵıӰͷһЦºӡټǰξԼʱжѣһúöԴŮ
ϴ˾Ѿ֪ﲻԼӼᶨΪԼŮ˵뷨ȻԼԺɾͲͣҪûҪǸ߸ӣô⣡ЩĶ
ﻹЩߵŮˣѾûж԰һʼʱǿҵˣ֪ʱѾԼˣɲͻҪ뷨ܼ򵥣ҪȱȰɾ͸ߵ죬İ죬ҪѵĽԼװ˯ӱһ
ôۣƵʲôǿ飿˯飿ҲҪͻȻ죬ŰɣҪԺ׿ڸң㰮ңϲң
ݺݵ˵ţͬʱƳƳԺģĺΣȻ㣡ٺ١
ʱҪ壬𲻻氡˵ʲôҲڰ㡰ӡǡУ
ٺһЦԭһֻ鷿ڸǵ죬ֻͬʱϣһỹ񫣬ǸɴƲĳۣ
쵰쵰ҪҪۣǿԼϰĴ̼ɫ쳱ͲѾ
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ʱܿ͵ӢһȺ˷ܲѵѧԱǰѧԺأɽ
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һ˼סˣûϲףʱȴû뵽ĸѪʱúڣû뵽ĸԭģһ㶼ޣʱ΢Ц
ⲻģģءҺҺ
˼ϴޣ뵽ĸףΪ˴ѧѣ¸ҹ׬ǮΪԼܳϺõ⣬ӲһĩûΪԼԼʮ·ȥѰҽһһУһжõģĵģһһֳ
ҶԲ㣡
˵˼ޱȻںޣݺݵײԱߵӡ
ۡ˵ⷬһֱ˼ˣò˵ֻⷬ˼ŻıԼĿȻ˼ų˼һᣬɱһˣڴʱˣǰ
ÿҪңءǸТŮҺĸף㣬ȥ
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һ˹ȥȵأȵ˼ڵϣǶѪ￪ǰ˵ʲôˣ
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˼˫ȴǿ顭

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ͷһͬʱ̾˿ڽ⿪ѾͷĽˡ
ˡ
ḧ𣿡
Ǻ׵ϣһӡղǺģ
𶯡
Ļܿӡʧˣ˼ֱһƮȻʹʧˡ
Լá۵ֵůӿͷеĸо𡭡
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˼ϸ˵˵Ͳ˵ɡ
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תͷ˼û뵽ﾹȻңң㡭
ԭ
˼ҡҡͷ⹫ǲԣĻҲġ
ǰô𣬱ԼɱȣҪǻɱȫɱңﻹǡ
Բ𡭡
˼֪ˣ֪ΪʲôûΪûƫƫӰӣǾ˼˼˼˼尡
׾ͺá
Ҳ§ڻ꣬߰ɡ
ţҸղ˵ʲô
˼Լˡ
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΢ЦĻ꣬ԸԸһߣǽţȻ㲻Ը⣬ҾͰߣԼ߻Ұߣ
찡
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ͻȻƤʼպľ𵭵΢Цǵһߡ
ء̫ˣûˣûˣ
˼Լ棬ʧȥŻᶮϧ
ҪҸһѾǸ̫ˡ
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û˵꣬óһ澵ǰͻȻסˣĿ˶˭
ѽۣԭôƯ
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꿴žԼˮֻˣòȥഺֻˡ
֪һ˺ԶĵطһֱѹţգĸҲڸɱˡʣµ걾ŸĸһȥʱŷֶӾȻĹ⣬Ϊ޹ĺӣһʮŮӣĴ˼ǧ࡭
˼˵ĸ׵ΪԼĲڽؤǮʱ͸Լһơ
˻صѧԺʱŮһá
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ȥ˸Ÿ滹ʲôҲûã
ֻܿЦʱԼҲܺãⷽҶúõġԼŮһԴǲˣʱѺȻӹˡȥڵٶȣܻܿġ
ȻŮװŮˣʱڼ峤λϣëʣɫԵĿԶա
ԱߵСҶһ⿴źȻ˼飬ٿҲûãģ
ˣΪɱ㣬Ϊ˼Լˣ
ŶȻ΢΢һЦҪǴġ
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ɣ˵ǣҶʲô͸ʲô׼Ҳң
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СҶһҧҶˣǣԺ㲻׼
ԡ
Ȼ΢΢һЦɰСã룬ҲѾͷԼİԺһˡοСôˮɰ˱˻ԼˣԸԼվһӪҪ֪ǱǼء
СҶ֪ѾȻˣȻ֮һֵĸӦϵﲻԶ
ûãһӰֱӴӿз£һӳŮǰ
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СҶ㶵Ĳţ˵Ȼ֪һ
СҶŶˣƤ
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΢΢һЦʲôأ
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𻹴ģ״̬ԭߺȻģ֪֮ʲôԼйأ
ͻȻȻȥƬ촽촽̰˱
ԹԣȻô˻ȣԼõԼȣһȣ˲ԱߵҶˣſͣͷӭ˳ȥͷڿлཻ

û񫣬ȻȴͻȻƿԼɻʱȴ˵Ŷ

Ҷˣû뵽㾹ȻҪԼУԲУﻹûȻ˵ǺǣʼҸˣľͲҪˣˣǿ㣬ˣƤ
ʲôһˣƤ𶯣
Ҷı۾ཱུĺ촽
⣡
㶵ĿźȻԭǴɵÿЦĿźȻȻȴ΢ЦĵͷҲ
ðɡ
һЦóȻԼҲðźС촽ǰûгɣͷ͵סƬ촽

Ҷһ£ıǿȵϢϣǾûˡԼôͱԼ
ûѽ
Ҷһоͷ
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Ҷ˵óСءͷߣͣɨǻĴ
ǺǣСҶôܵܲҪ˵ŶľͲҪˣҲ˵Ƥ
ոձɿС죬Ȼ̿˵ȻǳҶǿԸ񣬹ȻҶ˺ȻȦףߣʲôܸġ滹ʲôҪģ
ǺǣǾͺã
ȻĿɵ˾̫һյСŮ
Ŷ
˵ȻѾְ·ȫѹ⣬ȻǰСŪСҶ㿴Ҫ
Ȼ촽һţȫ룬Ȼϳ㿴û𣿡
ѹ·ҶǰѾôûɬѣһǵһο˿µǾ޴Ĺ£ƫƫֺ棬СǶûôļһﰡʵܵܲꡭ
ֿȻȥԣҶ̸еΪʲôΪʲôοˣĶôó𣡸պóûҲԡ
ôң
ҶҲǰԥһӣͱ۾סô󣬺ǣһо
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һοڽҶȻһⲻϰ߲£Ȼæ˳ԡ
ǺǣСҶӦĺȥſ㿴ҵġ
Ȼٴκסһһİȫ˽ȥӶëϡ
ҶһᣬܲȻģԼΪʲôܡǵȺȻ³ʱæѧܿȻȫ롭
һûŮԼ¶ˬҲ
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˵Ȼְ˹ƨɶŮţ
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ҶɵˣɵҲ֪ǶǳĵطޱȰ࣡ǸղĻ׵񾭴ˣȻȥǵط
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ȻϷһЦҸǾͲҪǿԼŶ
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Ҷӳˣǵطһ뵽ƽʱԼȥéǶٿڵƨ۶һʱͽһ
ˣȥɣѾʵԼĶԼˡ
ȻԥòǿˣԺʱġ

ȻȻԼߣҶæ˹ȥԣ
˵ӵСͷĴƨۡ
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еһܴ̼ʱ֪ΪʲôȻôǸպúȻԼԸҶ˳ˮۣװǲһȻҲףͺȻһǳΪŮһģʱպᣬֲΪ߳ܵ뷨˲ڸǡ
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ȻתͷҶЦ˵š
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Ҷ˵ţ˵Ȼġʵܽš
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Ʒһûȥ棬ǶźȻСѨȥС椣ԼصģôİԼŮˣʵҪúý
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Ҷǵһοİı⸱ģŤƨɡ
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һ𿴵ҶСѾ΢ˮ֪ʱҶѾ顣վѿµȥ
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˵Ϊʲôô˳أԭ˼һʹӸŮˣһͿԶͺȻһˡ
Ҳе죬ŮϲŮˣִͬûʲôƫƫϣ;÷ǳˡ
ţϲԼŮ˿ԣҲϲң
ݺݵ뵽˫ַסҶϸžžžʼ

ҶûȺȻش𣬾ͻȻܵҵĹ
СҶоɣʵϲ˲ǶԵģ˲ܸ֣
Ȼ׽С֣˵ţǵһΣ㣬㡭
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𡭡
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𶼲֪Լ䵽ˣǺȻСѨҶСѨŮĶƤϡ
СҶϲ𣿡
ȻѹҶϣҶʵһ죬ϲ϶ϲԭŮ֮ʵ̫̹ˣǸִȵɱ䡣ͬʱܺͺȻܽӴû¡
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Ҷ˵⣬ɵÿԱߴ𣬽ģȻ֣ʵҲܺÿİ
Ǿͺã
Ȼ˿æԺЩ£Ҫ
˵ȻѾ£ʼҺ塣Ҷ룬ҲѧźȻһһš




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ڳŮ˶ˣѩıԴһ˿㺡
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˼תͷŲӽһæѿµѨڣùͷ˼С˽ȥ

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ˮ󻬣̫ˣ˼ʮһСŮСѨûеʮֵļխǳ˼еʮֵıǣлһ˿ʹ
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